The Demand Side Management Potential to Balance a Highly Renewable European Power System

Kies, Alexander; Schyska, Bruno U.; Bremen, Lueder von

doi:10.3390/en9110955

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Many research outcomes have addressed the impact of DSR on the voltage stability of power distribution networks and the effect of load shedding/shifting on overall network stability [28,29]. DSR actions can change the voltage waveform of the network (amplitude or angular, or both), with the level of impact dependent on the type and size of the shed load (induction motor, constant impedance load, or both) from one hour to another.…”

Section: The Extent Of the Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Demand Side Response on a Commercial Retail Refrigeration System

et al. 2018

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The UK National Grid has placed increased emphasis on the development of Demand Side Response (DSR) tariff mechanisms to manage load at peak times. Refrigeration systems, along with HVAC, are estimated to consume 14% of the UK’s electricity and could have a significant role for DSR application. However, characterized by relatively low individual electrical loads and massive asset numbers, multiple low power refrigerators need aggregation for inclusion in these tariffs. In this paper, the impact of the Demand Side Response (DSR) control mechanisms on food retailing refrigeration systems is investigated. The experiments are conducted in a test-rig built to resemble a typical small supermarket store. The paper demonstrates how the temperature and pressure profiles of the system, the active power and the drawn current of the compressors are affected following a rapid shut down and subsequent return to normal operation as a response to a DSR event. Moreover, risks and challenges associated with primary and secondary Firm Frequency Response (FFR) mechanisms, where the load is rapidly shed at high speed in response to changes in grid frequency, is considered. For instance, measurements are included that show a significant increase in peak inrush currents of approx. 30% when the system returns to normal operation at the end of a DSR event. Consideration of how high inrush currents after a DSR event can produce voltage fluctuations of the supply and we assess risks to the local power supply system.

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Section: The Extent Of the Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Demand Side Response on a Commercial Retail Refrigeration System

et al. 2018

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“…It is significant that the changes of regional disparity are in opposite direction under ETS and RES policies. 2 The welfare change is measured by the Hicksian Equivalent Variation (HEV) compared to the base case in this study, which represents the change in total households' income. Figure 8 shows the regional GDP change in different scenarios.…”

Section: Social Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…China has also announced its intention for 20% of total energy consumption to be derived from non-fossil sources by 2030, in order to promote renewable energy development. As of now, the primary tools to meet these two targets are emissions trading schemes (ETS) and renewable energy source (RES) policies [1,2]. Being the most important instrument for emissions reduction, the ETS was first implemented in seven pilots at provincial and city levels in China, and a nationwide carbon market is to be launched in late 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can China Achieve Its Nationally Determined Contribution Targets Combining Emissions Trading Scheme and Renewable Energy Policies?

Fan

Xia

2017

Energies

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Abstract:The adoption of emissions trading scheme (ETS) and renewable energy sources (RES) policies have been essential to achieving China's national targets for reducing CO 2 emissions and developing non-fossil energy sources. The combination of ETS and RES policies raises an important issue: What is the effect of combining ETS and RES policies on the existing carbon market and economy? Focusing on the design of the nationwide carbon market, this paper uses a multi-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the economic impacts of ETS policy when combined with RES policies in China. The results show that China's annual ETS emissions cap should decrease by 0.3% to maintain stable CO 2 prices and achieve the targets in China's intended nationally determined contribution (INDC). It is estimated that the CO 2 price on the nationwide carbon market would decrease by 11-64% when the renewable energy subsidy rate increases from 20 to 100%, and the total trading volume would decrease by 3-25%. The results also show that the combination of an ETS and a feed-in tariff (FIT) results in greater GDP cost and welfare loss in all Chinese regions, increasing the total social cost by 0.01-0.06%.

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“…The introduction of non-dispatchable generation in the form of solar and wind energy sources leads to a situation in which the supply side also starts to vary and this in turn leads to disruptions on the energy market. Numerous papers has been dedicated to the problem of subjugating variable renewable energy sources (VRES) and easing their integration into the energy system by means of: wind speed [8,9] and irradiation [10,11] forecasting, spatial and temporal complementarity of selected energy sources [12,13], hybrid energy sources [14][15], energy storage options [16,17], and demand side management [18]. Delucci and Jacobson [19,20] state that by combining all the approaches described above and employing additional ones it is possible to cover the world energy demand using solar, wind and hydropower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But one would have to overcome the same problems which we face nowadays with the integration of RES, namely, their variable and non-dispatchable nature. As has already been mentioned, several approaches [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] can be applied, but the concept which incorporates at least three of them is a hybrid of photovoltaic (solar power), wind turbine and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PV-WT-PSH).…”

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confidence: 99%

Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective

Jurasz¹,

Mikulik²

2017

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Abstract. This paper introduces a mixed integer non-linear mathematical model for a simulation of a hybrid energy source consisting of photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT) and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PSH). The concept of PV-WT-PSH has been well described and evaluated for sparsely populated or remote areas such as islands. Here, due to the rapid development of renewable energy sources and most importantly the variable (non-dispatchable) energy sources such as wind and solar, the idea of wind and solar powered PSHs has been investigated in the context of the national energy system. The economic and environmental impact of the proposed hybrid has been assessed. The results reveal that to cover almost 40% of the energy demand one should expect the energy cost to increase by 25%. Due to the usually limited natural resources available for island communities and the need to transport goods (such as oil or coal) from the continent (which increases their cost) and often very favorable solar and wind conditions, RES could easily compete economically with conventional power sources. But one would have to overcome the same problems which we face nowadays with the integration of RES, namely, their variable and non-dispatchable nature. As has already been mentioned, several approaches [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] can be applied, but the concept which incorporates at least three of them is a hybrid of photovoltaic (solar power), wind turbine and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PV-WT-PSH).Coupled wind and solar power sources tend to exhibit lower variability and it is well known that on an annual time scale they exhibit a strong complementarity [11,12,[21][22][23][24]. The concept of the temporal complementarity of a dual energy source can be explained by means of two sine functions which depict their variation in energy output; in the case of perfect temporal complementarity they will be out of phase with each other by π/2, or in other words they have a very strong (˗1) negative correlation. However, perfect complementarity is very unlikely, and on a shorter time scale (days, hours) it is almost non-existent. In consequence, periods will occur with no energy available from either wind or solar generation. The opposite may occur when both sources simultaneously generate energy at their nameplate capacity. In general, the ambitious goal of meeting demand purely using VRES would require the whole system to be oversized, which will intrinsically lead to significant energy surpluses.Therefore there arises a need to somehow transfer the energy in time, meaning that surpluses occurring in period t might be used in period t + x. This can be done by means of energy storage. The most mature (and practically the only) bulk energy storage technology is PSH, which uses the elevation difference between an upper and a lower reservoir to store excess energy and release it when the generation from WT and PV is not sufficient to cover demand. It is important to note that in the

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The Demand Side Management Potential to Balance a Highly Renewable European Power System

Cited by 55 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Demand Side Response on a Commercial Retail Refrigeration System

Impact of Demand Side Response on a Commercial Retail Refrigeration System

How Can China Achieve Its Nationally Determined Contribution Targets Combining Emissions Trading Scheme and Renewable Energy Policies?

Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective

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