The Dependent Personality Questionnaire (DPQ): A Screening Instrument for                Dependent Personality

Tyrer, Peter; Morgan, Janice; Cicchetti, Domenic V.

doi:10.1177/0020764004038754

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The score differences were of greater magnitude in those with moderate dependent personality disorder, among whom, at 5 years, the mean score of 13.9 was fairly close to the normal level in the population (around 11) 18 (see Table 12). Generalised anxiety and depression scores (HADS) were also significantly more improved in those who received CBT-HA than in those who received standard care.…”

Section: Effect Of Personality: Dependent Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The first of these was that health anxietyfocused CBT (CBT-HA) would be less effective in patients who had additional comorbid pathology in the form of obsessional symptomatology [measured using the Short Obsessive-Compulsive disorder Screener (SOCS)]. 17 We also hypothesised that personality status would have an impact on the effectiveness of treatment, and that those with dependent personalities [measured using the Dependent Personality Questionnaire (DPQ)] 18 and other personality disorders 19 [measured using the Quick Personality Assessment Schedule (PAS-Q)], 20 which were subsequently converted into International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Edition (ICD-11) 21 personality disorder categories, 22 would have a worse outcome with CBT-HA. We also expected that these comorbid disorders would be associated with increased costs.…”

Section: Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following assessments were carried out at baseline only: l personality assessment using the PAS-Q, 20 followed by conversion to the ICD-11 personality levels 22 but also including the questions from the hypochondriasis subsection of the full schedule 19 l the SOCS 17 (a set of seven questions that identify the likely presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder); and l the DPQ, 18 an assessment of dependent personality traits (this was included because both dependent personality and obsessional symptoms are associated conditions that may handicap or complicate treatment).…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 A previous epidemiological study in general practice 33 had identified the range of scores associated with disability with 0-6 (no personality dysfunction), 7-11 (personality difficulty), 12-16 (mild personality disorder) and ≥ 17 (moderate personality disorder) linking to ICD-11 severities. The DPQ does not allow severe dependent personality disorder to be identified because none of its questions address self-harm or aggression, even though these may sometimes be present in association with dependent personality.…”

Section: Effect Of Personality: Dependent Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive–behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients (CHAMP): a randomised controlled trial with outcomes to 5 years

Tyrer

Šalkovskis

Tyrer

et al. 2017

Health Technol Assess

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BackgroundHealth anxiety is an under-recognised but frequent cause of distress that is potentially treatable, but there are few studies in secondary care.ObjectiveTo determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a modified form of cognitive–behaviour therapy (CBT) for health anxiety (CBT-HA) compared with standard care in medical outpatients.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingFive general hospitals in London, Middlesex and Nottinghamshire.ParticipantsA total of 444 patients aged 16–75 years seen in cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology and respiratory medicine clinics who scored ≥ 20 points on the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and satisfied diagnostic requirements for hypochondriasis. Those with current psychiatric disorders were excluded, but those with concurrent medical illnesses were not.InterventionsCognitive–behaviour therapy for health anxiety – between 4 and 10 1-hour sessions of CBT-HA from a health professional or psychologist trained in the treatment. Standard care was normal practice in primary and secondary care.Main outcome measuresPrimary – researchers masked to allocation assessed patients at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 5 years. The primary outcome was change in the HAI score between baseline and 12 months. Main secondary outcomes – costs of care in the two groups after 24 and 60 months, change in health anxiety (HAI), generalised anxiety and depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)] scores, social functioning using the Social Functioning Questionnaire and quality of life using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), at 6, 12, 24 and 60 months, and deaths over 5 years.ResultsOf the 28,991 patients screened over 21 months, 5769 had HAI scores of ≥ 20 points. Improvement in HAI scores at 3 months was significantly greater in the CBT-HA group (mean number of sessions = 6) than in the standard care, and this was maintained over the 5-year period (overallp < 0.0001), with no loss of efficacy between 2 and 5 years. Differences in the generalised anxiety (p = 0.0018) and depression scores (p = 0.0065) on the HADS were similar in both groups over the 5-year period. Gastroenterology and cardiology patients showed the greatest CBT gains. The outcomes for nurses were superior to those of other therapists. Deaths (n = 24) were similar in both groups; those in standard care died earlier than those in CBT-HA. Patients with mild personality disturbance and higher dependence levels had the best outcome with CBT-HA. Total costs were similar in both groups over the 5-year period (£12,590.58 for CBT-HA; £13,334.94 for standard care). CBT-HA was not cost-effective in terms of quality-adjusted life-years, as measured using the EQ-5D, but was cost-effective in terms of HAI outcomes, and offset the cost of treatment.LimitationsMany eligible patients were not randomised and the population treated may not be representative.ConclusionsCBT-HA is a highly effective treatment for pathological health anxiety with lasting benefit over 5 years. It also improves generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms more than standard care. The presence of personality abnormality is not a bar to successful outcome. CBT-HA may also be cost-effective, but the high costs of concurrent medical illnesses obscure potential savings. This treatment deserves further research in medical settings.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN14565822.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 50. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Section: Effect Of Personality: Dependent Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Personality: Dependent Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cognitive–behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients (CHAMP): a randomised controlled trial with outcomes to 5 years

Tyrer

Šalkovskis

Tyrer

et al. 2017

Health Technol Assess

Self Cite

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“…The Dependent Personality Questionnaire (DPQ; Tyrer, Morgan, & Cicchetti, 2004) is an eight item self-report questionnaire. The instrument is intended to be used as a screening tool to identify patients that potentially have DPD.…”

Section: Dependentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Measures Designed to Assess DSM-5 Personality Disorders

Furnham

Milner

Akhtar

et al. 2014

PSYCH

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The definition, classification and assessment of personality disorders (PDs) have attracted considerable debate for nearly 50 years. This paper attempts a comprehensive review of the instruments to assess all, or specific, individual disorders as described in DSM-5, including structured interviews and inventories. The review should be helpful for clinicians, researchers and also industrial and organizational psychologists, to screen and assess the personality pathology spectrum from subclinical manifestations to full blown personality pathology. A decision tree helpful to choose among the different measures is also provided.

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2011

Disorders of Personality

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The Dependent Personality Questionnaire (DPQ): A Screening Instrument for Dependent Personality

Abstract: The results suggest that the DPQ may be a suitable screening instrument for dependent personality characteristics.

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Cognitive–behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients (CHAMP): a randomised controlled trial with outcomes to 5 years

Cognitive–behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients (CHAMP): a randomised controlled trial with outcomes to 5 years

A Review of the Measures Designed to Assess DSM-5 Personality Disorders

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