The detection of deception with the reality monitoring approach: a review of the empirical evidence

Masip, Jaume; Sporer, Siegfried L.; Garrido, Eugenio; Herrero, Carmen

doi:10.1080/10683160410001726356

Cited by 250 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Parallel to genuine and non-genuine memories, truthful statements are expected to be richer in detail compared to false statements (also labeled as Interpersonal Reality Monitoring, see Johnson, Bush, & Mitchell, 1998;Nahari & Vrij, 2014). Especially the amount of temporal, spatial and perceptual detail has been found to be higher in truth-tellers' statements than in liars' (Masip et al, 2005;Vrij, 2008). The recently introduced the Verifiability Approach (VA, Nahari, Vrij, & Fisher, 2014a, 2014b suggests that there might be an additional dimension to the number of details, namely the verifiability of details.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One difference that emerges from that framework is that truthful statements contain more contextual embeddings (i.e., references to persons, events, locations) than deceptive ones (Köhnken, 2004). Research by Johnson and Raye (1981;Masip, Sporer, Garrido, & Herrero, 2005) has specified further that the source of one's memory determines how a remembered event is recalled. Genuine memories are obtained through sensory experiences whereas non-genuine memories are constructed through cognitive operations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Genuine memories are obtained through sensory experiences whereas non-genuine memories are constructed through cognitive operations. Therefore, the content of these memories should differ so that descriptions of genuine memories should be richer in Kleinberg, B., et al (2017 sensory experiences (e.g., perceptual, spatial, temporal information), whereas non-genuine memories should contain more references to cognitive operations (Johnson & Raye, 1981;Masip et al, 2005). Reality Monitoring (RM) is a theoretical and analytical framework that incorporates this idea.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…sensory experiences (e.g., perceptual, spatial, temporal information), whereas non-genuine memories should contain more references to cognitive operations (Johnson & Raye, 1981;Masip et al, 2005). Reality Monitoring (RM) is a theoretical and analytical framework that incorporates this idea.…”

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An Investigation on the Detectability of Deceptive Intent about Flying through Verbal Deception Detection

Kleinberg

Nahari²,

Arntz

et al. 2017

Collabra: Psychology

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Background: Academic research on deception detection has largely focused on the detection of past events. For many applied purposes, however, the detection of false reports about someone's intention merits attention. Based on the verbal deception detection paradigm, we explored whether true statements on intentions were more detailed and more specific than false statements on intentions, particularly when instructed to be as specific as possible. Method: Participants (n = 222) lied or told the truth about their upcoming travel plans either providing 'as much information as possible' (standard instructions) or being 'as specific as possible' (i.e., mentioning times, locations, places; specific instructions), resulting in four conditions (truthful vs. deceptive intention by standard vs. specific instructions). We collected data via a custom-made web app and performed automated verbal content analysis of participants' written answers. Findings: We did not find a significant difference in the specificity of participants' statements. The instruction to be as specific as possible promoted more specific information but did not help to discern honest from deceptive flying intentions. Conclusion:The experiment reported here attempted to demonstrate automated verbal deception detection of intentions. The difficulty in capturing genuine intentions, and the non-intrusive, noninteractive questioning approach might explain the null findings and raise questions for further research. We conclude with suggestions for a novel framework on semi-interactive information elicitation. With an increased demand for security systems like airport border control, researchers and practitioners alike have identified the need for applications to detect deception on a large scale (Honts & Hartwig, 2014;Vrij, Granhag, & Porter, 2010). For example, the context of airport border control excludes many tools used in deception research due to their limited applicability. With developments towards more seamless passenger flows and minimal passenger-security personnel interaction, an ideal deception detection system would be implementable at stages even before passengers arrive at the airport (e.g., a filter system during online check-in processes, Kleinberg, Arntz, & Verschuere, in press). A promising paradigm that might be applicable in settings that require the testing of a vast number of people is verbal deception detection. However, because the majority of verbal deception detection studies were conducted on the verbal content of face-to-face interviews, a key challenge is the transition towards large-scale applicable methods. This paper reports an attempt to apply verbal deception detection tools on a large-scale in an airport security context. Verbal deception detectionThe idea to use the verbal content as an indicator of deception is rooted in the Undeutsch Hypothesis (1967, 1982) stating that truthful statements differ from false declarations in quality and content because the process through which the particular statement is produced is d...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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An Investigation on the Detectability of Deceptive Intent about Flying through Verbal Deception Detection

Kleinberg

Nahari²,

Arntz

et al. 2017

Collabra: Psychology

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“…Both the cognitive approach and Reality Monitoring agree on the prediction that truthful statements are richer in detail than deceptive statements. There is a body of research on the verbal deception detection approach with meta‐analytical findings suggesting that detail richness can identify liars and truth‐tellers better than chance (Masip, Sporer, Garrido, & Herrero, 2005; Oberlader et al, 2016; Vrij et al, 2015). However, meta‐analyses rely on the quality of the original studies and cannot ascertain whether the individual effects reported in studies are reliable (van Elk et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

The first direct replication on using verbal credibility assessment for the detection of deceptive intentions

Kleinberg

Warmelink

Arntz

et al. 2018

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Verbal deception detection has gained momentum as a technique to tell truth‐tellers from liars. At the same time, researchers' degrees of freedom make it hard to assess the robustness of effects. Replication research can help evaluate how reproducible an effect is. We present the first replication in verbal deception research whereby ferry passengers were instructed to tell the truth or lie about their travel plans. The original study found truth‐tellers to include more specific time references in their answers. The replication study that closely mimicked the setting, procedure, materials, coding, and analyses found no lie–truth difference for specific time references. Although the power of our replication study was suboptimal (0.77), Bayesian statistics showed evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. Given the great applied consequences of verbal credibility tests, we hope this first replication attempt ignites much needed preregistered, high‐powered, multilab replication efforts.

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Credibility Assessments in a Legal Context

Vrij

2007

Applying Psychology to Criminal Justice

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The detection of deception with the reality monitoring approach: a review of the empirical evidence

Cited by 250 publications

References 27 publications

An Investigation on the Detectability of Deceptive Intent about Flying through Verbal Deception Detection

An Investigation on the Detectability of Deceptive Intent about Flying through Verbal Deception Detection

The first direct replication on using verbal credibility assessment for the detection of deceptive intentions

Credibility Assessments in a Legal Context

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