The determination of the phenolic composition, antioxidative activity and heavy metals in the extracts of Calendula officinalis L.

Abstract

The content of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activities of different plant extracts of Callendula Officinalis L., used in Serbian traditional medicine were determined. The phenol content was determined by using UV-Vis measurements at 765 nm in the tested plant extracts obtained by standard extraction of Calendula officinalis L. The tested extracts, examined by DPPH method showed a high antioxidant activity that correlated significantly with the content of phenols and flavonoids. All tested extracts exhibited a strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals (more than 96,8%). The contents of metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Cr, and Pb) were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Toxic metals, such as Cd, Cr, and Pb were not detected in the studied plant materials. The content of other metals in the plants and their extracts were low, except for iron. We examined the correlation of metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) and the phenolic compounds content in the extracts. The studied plants from the Southeast Serbia are suitable for the preparation of teas and herbal extracts due to the low content of toxic metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn), a high content of phenolic compounds and a high antioxidant activity.

Total phenolic and flavonoids contents and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of antioxidant activity of several <i>Calendula officinalis</i> (Marigold) extracts

“…The high phenol content of the aqueous extract is due to the solubility of phenols, flavonoids and their glycosides in water. As for the flavonoid content values, they are higher than those found for these three extracts (Water, Ethanol and Solution 50/50 hydroethanolic) and which are 0,12 QE/g dm, 0,10 QE/g dm and 0,17 QE/g dm respectively 20 .…”

“…Calendula officinalis is a good source of natural antioxidants, particularly phenolic substances 10 , and other compounds that trap harmful free radicals 18 , but studies of its phenolic content A c c e p t e d a r t i c l e and antioxidant potency of its extracts have been considered rare 19,20 and only a few studies have addressed this problem [19][20][21][22] .…”

“…A comparison of the potency of three extracts (ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) showed that the ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant activity compared to the other two extracts 37 . Hydroethanolic extract (50/50) of Calendula officinalis from south-eastern Serbia showed strong antiradical potency tested on DPPH free radicals and exceeded 96% 20 . against oxidative stress in human skin cells 29 .…”

Extracts Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Potential Immunomodulatory Activities of the Moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.

“…A previous report [ 12 ] on the total phenolic content in H. cupressiforme ethanolic extract revealed a lower concentration of phenols than the onefound in the current study. The content of phenolic compounds in a certain plant depends on several factors such as substrate type; altitude; climate; as well as habitat, environmental condition, or geo-/geno-type [ 19 ], which could have influenced the differences in the obtained phenolic contents of the extracts. Using LC-MS analysis made it possible to identify 14 phenolic compounds in H. cupressiforme extracts.…”

Different agronomic and fertilization systems affect polyphenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and mineral composition of lettuce

“…The correlation between plant mineral content and phenol biosynthesis and accumulation is not surprising. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) polyphenol oxidase and some peroxidase isoforms, the key regulatory enzymes for the biosynthesis of plant phenolic compounds, and the transcription of many PAL-encoding genes, is generally increased by adverse environmental conditions, such as low nutrient levels, particularly N and metal microelements (Ruiz et al, 2003;Velickovi ć et al, 2014;Wada et al, 2014). According to Gershenzon (1984), nitrogen stress accompanied by reduced growth and yield (Table 2) could lead, through the deamination of phenylalanine due to PAL catalysis, to an enhanced production of secondary phenolic compounds and to the use of the released NH 3 for other purposes.…”