The Developing Endosperm of Wheat — A Stereological Analysis

Briarty, L. G.; Hughes, Colin E.; Evers, A. D.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085779

Cited by 136 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This onset of rapid poly(A)+ RNA accumulation occurs during a period when endosperm cell division is still taking place, but endosperm cell number has reached about 75% of maximum and includes a significant fraction of nondividing cells (3). This poly(A)+ accumulation is probably under different control than accumulation of rRNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Completion of cellularization and initiation of cell divis in occurs at about 4 DAF (1). Briarty et al (3), studying the development of seeds of a wheat variety with a maturation period similar to that of INIA 66R, found that endosperm cell number increased at an approximately linear rate between 5 and 12 DAF, and was approximately 90% complete by 16 DAF. In the present study, the highest rates of total RNA accumulation occurred early in the development of the seed, during the period when the endosperm consists mostly of rapidly dividing cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A late phase is again characterized by a low rate of protein accumulation, and ends in dormancy or senescence (2). The events that occur at the beginning of the middle phase, including cessation of cell division, increase in RER (3), and accumulation of soluble nucleotides (12) events related to the initiation and duration of mRNA synthesis, the efficiency of mRNA translation, and the operational stability of mRNA in the cell are important as determinants of yield because they influence the ability ofthe seed to accumulate reserve materials. They also constitute an attractive system for the study of differentiation and of regulation of gene expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Expression of Storage Protein Genes in Developing Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds

Greene¹

1983

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in developing wheat kernels have been studied through in vivo labeling of wheat heads in culture. In INIA 66R wheat labeled with 15-'Hluridine for 24-hour periods between 9 and 33 days after flowering, the total rate of RNA accumulation in endosperm/ testa pericarp tissues was highest in the youngest seeds, and declined with increasing seed age. In contrast, the rate of accumulation of po1y (A) events related to the initiation and duration of mRNA synthesis, the efficiency of mRNA translation, and the operational stability of mRNA in the cell are important as determinants of yield because they influence the ability ofthe seed to accumulate reserve materials. They also constitute an attractive system for the study of differentiation and of regulation of gene expression.Storage protein synthesis in cereals continues over an extended time period, and it is of interest to identify factors that facilitate this. Developmental studies of cereal seeds have included investigations of in vitro protein synthesis capacity of maize endosperm polysomes (15, 24), protein (7) and nucleic acid synthesis (28) in wheat, and nucleic acid synthesis in sorghum (14), but the synthesis and stability of mRNA have not been extensively examined, and most relevant observations have been made on legume seeds (10,22,23). This report examines RNA and protein synthesis as functions of development in the wheat kernal via in vivo labeling of RNA and protein of developing wheat kernels, and in vitro translation of kernel RNA. Evidence is presented that wheat storage protein mRNAs are long-lived species, and it is concluded that mRNA transcription and persistence are controlling factors in the synthesis of storage proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODSReagents. Radiochemicals were purchased from New England Nuclear.2 Boston, Mass. Agarose poly(U), type 6 was purchased from P-L Biochemicals, Milwaukee, WI. Wheat germ was a generous gift of Herbert Sanguinetti, General Mills, Inc., Vallejo, CA. SDS (specially purified) was purchased from Gallard-Schlesinger Corp., Carle Place, NY. Other biochemical reagents were purchased from Sigma, Calbiochem-Behring, or

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Expression of Storage Protein Genes in Developing Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds

Greene¹

1983

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cytological events of endosperm development are divided into three distinct phases (3,5). In the first few DAF2 endosperm tissue is formed as a multinucleated syncytium, followed by cellularization and multiple rounds of mitotic division.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression in Developing Wheat Endosperm

Reeves¹,

Krishnan²,

Okita³

1986

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The development of cereal grains can be divided into two distinct phases: grain enlargement and grain filling (Wardlaw, 1970;Briarty et al, 1979;Jenner et al, 1991;Emes et al, 2003). The first stage corresponds to the structural growth resulting from the division of endosperm cells.…”

Section: þmentioning

confidence: 99%

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

Barillot

Chambon

Andrieu

2016

Ann Bot

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims Improving crops requires better linking of traits and metabolic processes to whole plant performance. In this paper, we present CN-Wheat, a comprehensive and mechanistic model of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism within wheat culms after anthesis.Methods The culm is described by modules that represent the roots, photosynthetic organs and grains. Each of them includes structural, storage and mobile materials. Fluxes of C and N among modules occur through a common pool and through transpiration flow. Metabolite variations are represented by differential equations that depend on the physiological processes occurring in each module. A challenging aspect of CN-Wheat lies in the regulation of these processes by metabolite concentrations and the environment perceived by organs.Key Results CN-Wheat simulates the distribution of C and N into wheat culms in relation to photosynthesis, N uptake, metabolite turnover, root exudation and tissue death. Regulation of physiological activities by local concentrations of metabolites appears to be a valuable feature for understanding how the behaviour of the whole plant can emerge from local rules.Conclusions The originality of CN-Wheat is that it proposes an integrated view of plant functioning based on a mechanistic approach. The formalization of each process can be further refined in the future as knowledge progresses. This approach is expected to strengthen our capacity to understand plant responses to their environment and investigate plant traits adapted to changes in agronomical practices or environmental conditions. A companion paper will evaluate the model.

show abstract

The Developing Endosperm of Wheat — A Stereological Analysis

Cited by 136 publications

References 14 publications

Expression of Storage Protein Genes in Developing Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds

Expression of Storage Protein Genes in Developing Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds

Gene Expression in Developing Wheat Endosperm

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About