The development and characterization of Propranolol Tablets using Tapioca starch as excipient

Abstract

Tapioca starch (TS) is produced from Cassaca roots and it is differentiated from other starches because it contains about 17-20% amylase and low amount of residual substances. Propranolol (POP) is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent and it is in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of TS in the development of POP tablets by means of direct compression. Its evaluation was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), uniformity of weight, drug content, disintegration, friability, hardness, dissolution test and drug release kinetics. The TS granules were spherical with mean diameter of 10.09 ± 1.85 µm. The XRD, FTIR and NMR suggested physical interaction between TS and POP. The tablets presented average diameter of 1.1 ± 0.0 cm, 0.24 ± 0.02 cm thickness and average weight of 0.544 ± 0.003 g. The hardness of tablets was 10.98 ± 0.31 N and the percentage of friability was 25.74 ± 0.08%. POP was released after 45 min and the release kinetics properly fitted the Hixson-Crowell equation.

A molecular understanding of magnesium aluminium silicate – drug, drug – polymer, magnesium aluminium silicate – polymer nanocomposite complex interactions in modulating drug release: Towards zero order release

“…This was representative of the thickness of the basal spacing between platelets and was calculated using Bragg's Law (first order of reflection, n=1) as being 1.28nm, value similar to those suggested in literature (Pongjanyakul, Khunawattanakul and Puttipipatkhachorn, 2009;Rojtanatanya and Pongjanyakul, 2010). Figure 3f confirmed PPN to be crystalline in nature with strong distinctive intensities at 2-theta values at 8.3 º, 9.7 º, 12.4 º, 12.7 º, 16.7 º, 16.6 º, 17.2 º, 22.0 º and 25.0 º as previously reported (Shankland and Knight, 1996;Fernandes et al, 2019). The prepared MAS-PPN complexes suggested the PPN drug to be molecularly dispersed within the MAS due to the absence of the crystalline peaks of PPN.…”

Efficacy of Cassava Starch in the Design of Drug Delivery Platforms: From Roots to Polymers

“…An HR of < 1.11 or CI of < 10 is considered 'excellent' whereas HR > 1.60 or CI > 38 is considered 'very poor' ow. The cassava (tapioca) starch granules have HR value of 1.48 ± 0.03 and an IC value of 28.33 ± 1.53%, thereby granules obtained from cassava starch presented poor ow properties according to the HR and IC values [90,91].…”

Fabrication of Agglomerated Lactose Using Fluidized Bed for Good Compressibility

“…Excipients are inactive substances formulated with the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of a medication. Many excipients, like lactose, starch, and microcrystalline cellulose, contribute to the property, stability, safety, and many other aspects of drug manufacturing and have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry [1]. Different kinds of excipients are frequently used together to achieve multiple properties for a medication; meanwhile, the ones that can improve the quality of pharmaceutical preparations or the production efficiency have attracted more and more attention [1,2].…”

“…Many excipients, like lactose, starch, and microcrystalline cellulose, contribute to the property, stability, safety, and many other aspects of drug manufacturing and have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry [1]. Different kinds of excipients are frequently used together to achieve multiple properties for a medication; meanwhile, the ones that can improve the quality of pharmaceutical preparations or the production efficiency have attracted more and more attention [1,2]. For instance, there have been several types of lactose excipient [3,4], which have typical values of fluidity, viscosity, compressibility, particle size and particle size distribution, enteric disintegration performance, and so on.…”