The Development of a Conceptual Model to Support Sustainable Tourism Policy in North Mediterranean Destinations

An Integrated Approach to “Sustainable Community-Based Tourism”

“…The last row in Table 5 summarized a number of governance-related concepts that have been discussed more broadly in the tourism literature without using the label of ST (hence, these did not show up in our literature review), but which are of relevance to considerations of good management and governance. As the review conducted earlier in the paper shows, the literature is consistent with respect to identifying economic, social and environmental sustainability as key pillars/dimensions of ST (see [21,[93][94][95]. Though the key dimensions remain the same, however, some specific details or extra dimensions are being added by other scholars and institutions over the years.…”

“…Though the key dimensions remain the same, however, some specific details or extra dimensions are being added by other scholars and institutions over the years. For example, GSTC [27] adds one new dimension of sustainable destination management, which is missing in UNEP and UNWTO [21] and in the work of other scholars [93][94][95]. Moreover, all aspects of sustainability are not equally emphasized; some aspects have been mentioned by a few, omitted by many.…”

“…Community Well-being and Satisfaction: Community well-being ( local satisfaction with tourism; effects of tourism on communities); sustaining cultural assets; attraction protection; crime and harassment; cultural promotion; ownership patterns; resident views (satisfaction); host reactions to tourists; local culture/tradition; community development; social cohesion; sex tourism; community resource; distribution of resource/power; community health and safety; quality of life in general; building/architecture; socio-cultural fabric; recreational quality; address conflicts of interests [27,43,58,93,96,[122][123][124][125]127] Community Participation and Empowerment: Community/resident involvement and participation in tourism; community assets/skills/involvement; uniqueness; community empowerment; cultural education; education and training; equitable changes in local lifestyle; site interpretation; intellectual property; distinction (visit to heritage sites); accessibility; resident access to tourism goods and benefits [27,43,58,93,96,[122][123][124][125]127] Visitor Satisfaction: Tourist satisfaction; visitor management; visitor behavior; accessibility and convenience [27,[122][123][124]128] 4.1.3. Bridging the Global and the Local: Towards a Preliminary Framework…”

“…In the case of sustainable tourism development, many researchers seem content with presenting inter-relations among commonly-understood dimensions, such as economic, socio-cultural and environmental [22,[93][94][95], and proposing criteria under these three dimensions. However, there are some like [27,28,[96][97][98][99][100][101]112] who find institutional mechanism/governance/political administrative aspects to be critical for the success of ST/CBT and other alternative forms of tourism, such as ecotourism, rural tourism, responsible tourism, etc.…”

Influence of sustainable hospitality supply chain management on customers’ attitudes and behaviors

“…Customers' perceptions of hotels and their suppliers' actions in each sub-dimension (environmental, social and economic) were measured by several items adopted from the previous studies. Items that are used to measure customers' perceptions of hospitality supply chain members environmental sustainability efforts included questions related to product design (Baker, 2009;Enz and Siguaw, 1999;Goodman, 2000), service process design Kassinis and Soteriou, 2003), product management during use (Enz and Siguaw, 1999;Goodman, 2000), product life extension (Goodman, 2000;Schendler, 2001), recycling Kasim et al, 2014), pollution control (Enz and Siguaw, 1999), environment management systems (Farsari, 2012;Goodman, 2000;Kasim et al, 2014;Schwartz et al, 2008). Items that measured customers' perceptions of hospitality supply chain members' social sustainability efforts included questions related to employees (Enz and Siguaw, 1999;Goodman, 2000;Schwartz et al, 2008), customers (Kasim et al, 2014;Kassinis and Soteriou, 2003;Schwartz et al, 2008), communities (Enz and Siguaw, 1999;Goodman, 2000;Schwartz et al, 2008), suppliers (Goodman, 2000), and governments .…”