The Development of Bio-assays Based on Non-targeted Effects of Radiation; a Potential Worm-Hole into Ecosystem Level Biomarkers

Mothersill, Carmel; Rusin, Andrej; Seymour, Colin

doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2101-9_10

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Crucial to the acceptance of the “separate mechanisms” argument was the discovery and mechanistic characterization of non-targeted effects (NTE). These are seen in cells, tissues, and organisms that were never exposed to radiation and thus never actually received an energy deposition from ionizing radiation in a target (for recent reviews and keystone papers see Mothersill and Seymour 1997, 1998, 2022b, 2022a; Azzam et al 2001; Maguire et al 2005; Murphy et al 2005; Shao et al 2006; Lyng et al 2006b; Chen et al 2008; Nugent et al 2010; Mothersill et al 2010, 2012, 2022c; Le et al 2017, 2018b; Gonon et al 2022; Jokar et al 2022; Smolarz et al 2022; Verma and Tiku 2022; Buonanno et al 2023; Tang et al 2023). The recent UNSCEAR report (Annex C 2021) discusses the biological mechanisms and processes with could impact inference of cancer risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Effects of Low-dose Radiation Exposure

Mothersill,

Seymour,

Cocchetto

et al. 2024

Health Physics

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It is now well accepted that the mechanisms induced by low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation (LDR) are different from those occurring after high-dose exposures. However, the downstream effects of these mechanisms are unclear as are the quantitative relationships between exposure, effect, harm, and risk. In this paper, we will discuss the mechanisms known to be important with an overall emphasis on how so-called “non-targeted effects” (NTE) communicate and coordinate responses to LDR. Targeted deposition of ionizing radiation energy in cells causing DNA damage is still regarded as the dominant trigger leading to all downstream events whether targeted or non-targeted. We regard this as an over-simplification dating back to formal target theory. It ignores that last 100 y of biological research into stress responses and signaling mechanisms in organisms exposed to toxic substances, including ionizing radiation. We will provide evidence for situations where energy deposition in cellular targets alone cannot be plausible as a mechanism for LDR effects. An example is where the energy deposition takes place in an organism not receiving the radiation dose. We will also discuss how effects after LDR depend more on dose rate and radiation quality rather than actual dose, which appears rather irrelevant. Finally, we will use recent evidence from studies of cataract and melanoma induction to suggest that after LDR, post-translational effects, such as protein misfolding or defects in energy metabolism or mitochondrial function, may dominate the etiology and progression of the disease. A focus on such novel pathways may open the way to successful prophylaxis and development of new biomarkers for better risk assessment after low dose exposures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Effects of Low-dose Radiation Exposure

Mothersill,

Seymour,

Cocchetto

et al. 2024

Health Physics

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“…Non-targeted effects (NTE) are an intriguing phenomenon where the biological responses observed in cells or tissues are not directly exposed to a stressor (e.g., ionizing radiation or chemical agents). These effects can occur as a result of signaling and communication between exposed and non-exposed cells, leading to alterations in cellular behavior and function beyond the irradiated or exposed region [1]. NTE have implications for various fields, including radiation biology, toxicology, and environmental health, which demonstrates that it is essential to consider them in understanding the broader impact of stressors on biological systems [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Biology and the Potential Role of Entanglement and Tunneling in Non-Targeted Effects of Ionizing Radiation: A Review and Proposed Model

Matarèse,

Rusin,

Seymour

et al. 2023

IJMS

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It is well established that cells, tissues, and organisms exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation can induce effects in non-irradiated neighbors (non-targeted effects or NTE), but the mechanisms remain unclear. This is especially true of the initial steps leading to the release of signaling molecules contained in exosomes. Voltage-gated ion channels, photon emissions, and calcium fluxes are all involved but the precise sequence of events is not yet known. We identified what may be a quantum entanglement type of effect and this prompted us to consider whether aspects of quantum biology such as tunneling and entanglement may underlie the initial events leading to NTE. We review the field where it may be relevant to ionizing radiation processes. These include NTE, low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity, hormesis, and the adaptive response. Finally, we present a possible quantum biological-based model for NTE.

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The Development of Bio-assays Based on Non-targeted Effects of Radiation; a Potential Worm-Hole into Ecosystem Level Biomarkers

Cited by 2 publications

References 96 publications

Factors Influencing Effects of Low-dose Radiation Exposure

Factors Influencing Effects of Low-dose Radiation Exposure

Quantum Biology and the Potential Role of Entanglement and Tunneling in Non-Targeted Effects of Ionizing Radiation: A Review and Proposed Model

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