The development of BPR models in smart cities using loop detectors and license plate recognition technologies: A case study

Abstract

The trend toward sustainable city development is associated with intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Automation, efficiency, safety, security, and cost-effectiveness are critical factors in establishing each aspect of a smart city. Real-time data obtained from ITS play an essential role in improving the level of service of road segments, enhancing road safety, and supporting road users with road circumstances information. Travel time information is applicable in travel time maps, decision makings for traffic congestion, dynamic pricing of the network, emergency relief services, traffic flow monitoring, traffic jams management, and air quality analysis. Travel time on a road segment highly depends on geometrical specifications, environmental and weather conditions, traffic flow, and driving behavior. Due to specific driving behavior and road conditions, the above parameters are not essentially applicable in another region. The present research uses the data collected from loop detectors and License Plate Recognition (LPR) systems to develop a Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) model for Iran’s freeway network (Tehran-Qom Freeway). Because of the large amount of data, the SQL server program was used for creating and organizing the database and the BPR model was calibrated using SPSS statistical software. The results of the BPR model were evaluated with an ANOVA test, indicating that the derived model can estimate the travel time at freeway sections with a %5.2 error for the volume-to-capacity ratio (V/C) of less than 0.8.

Optimizing warehouse operations for environmental sustainability: A simulation study for reducing carbon emissions and maximizing space utilization

“…Creating sustainable environments in different settings such as sustainable cities (Rajabi et al, 2023), sustainable drones (Beigi et al, 2022) has attracted authors' attention recently. Creating a sustainable warehouse is related to managing, integrating, and balancing environmental and economic aspects of warehouse operations (K.-S. Tan et al, 2009).…”

Towards sustainability: The effect of industries on CO2 emissions

“…Some countries like Bangladesh had some policy implication problems due to their prime target which was to develop economic growth at the cost of environmental pollution to some degree (Kashem and Rahman, 2019). In recent years, experts have attempted to integrate sustainability into a variety of areas and businesses, including supply chains (Lotfi, Kargar, et al, 2022;Lotfi, Rajabzadeh, et al, 2022), construction and transportation (Beigi et al, 2022;Rajabi et al, 2023;Rajabi, Beigi, et al, 2022). Energy consumption had a key role in economic growth.…”

Strategy to Improve the Performance of Regional Government-owned BPR and BPRS through Optimal Funding Contributions from Shareholders

“…If there is no demand from the financing side and no parties that can place funds, BPRs and BPRS will run into difficulties (Yusmansyah et al, 2020). According to Rajabi et al (2023) As of August 2022, there were 1,450 BPR, down 34 from the 1,484 BPR as of the same month the previous year. There may be a risk of banking cases as a result of OJK's inability to provide comprehensive supervision due to the large number of BPR.…”

“…OJK promotes financial consolidation considering this. To enhance the performance of BPR and BPRS, BPR who are unable to achieve the minimum core capital rules should immediately merge with another BPR that can or be bought by a bank with larger resources or shareholders who are contributing at their maximum potential (Rajabi et al, 2023). Based on the aforementioned issues, the purpose of this study is to present an overview of the approach to enhance BPR or BPRS performance and how shareholder ownership impacts BPR/financial BPRS performance.…”