“…As a result, technological approaches such as mobile learning hold a lot of promise to assist them in learning more effectively. Students who learn on a mobile device are not only more engaged in the subject matter because they enjoy using the device (Sunarya et al, 2020), but they are also better able to maintain a schedule and location for learning because mobile learning is flexible and convenient (Sitompul, 2018). By definition, mobile learning is learning that takes place anywhere and at any time using mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and other similar devices (Crompton et al, 2016).…”