The Development of Immunological Capacity in Phylogenetic Perspective

Good, Robert A.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1967.02090260065004

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Before 1960, little interest was shown in fish immunobiology but since then most classes of fish have been examined. Much of this work has been concerned with the phylogeny of immunity, and showed that the complexity of the immunological responses in fish was related to the degree of development of the thymus gland, lymphoid cell series and other organs of the lymphoid system (Finstad, Fange & Good, 1969;Good et al, 1967;Smith, Miescher & Good, 1966). In these immunological studies on fish, both cellular and soluble types of antigens have been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to injection with cellular antigens

Ingram

Alexander

1977

Journal of Fish Biology

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The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) was studied after injections of two cellular antigens-Salmonella typhi H, flagellar antigen d, and human group ' 0 ' Rh+ red blood cells. Both intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections were employed. Agglutinins and complement-fixing antibodies were produced to S. typhi and haemagglutinins to human ' 0 ' red blood cells. Maximum titres to S. typhi were reached after 49 days in the case of both agglutinins and complement-fixing antibody. Haemagglutinins reached a maximum value of 1 : 512 between 35 and 42 days. Haemagglutinins to human ' 0 ' red blood cells were detected as early as 7 days after injection. Antibodies against S. typhi were found after 14days. Natural haemolysins were present against horse, sheep and human groups ' A ', ' B ' and ' AB ' but not with group ' 0 '. No natural haemagglutinins were present to the six types of red blood cells tested. No precipitins were detected to either S. typhi or human ' 0 ' red blood cells by immunodiffusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to injection with cellular antigens

Ingram

Alexander

1977

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) are hypervariable and occupy the concave surface of the structure. The secreted hypervariable receptors appear in dimers, tetramers and pentamers to bind highly specifically the targeted antigens in the extracellular spaces [424][425][426][427]. In cyclostomata fish (hagfish and lamprey), the VLR genecarrier lymphoid cells undergo clonal expansion in response to antigenic stimulation, and encode a great diversity of leucine-rich repeats (LRR), which react with different antigens.…”

Section: Retrotransposonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Gene Transfers with or without Cell Fusions in All Categories of the Living Matter

Sinkovics

2011

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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This article reviews the history of widespread exchanges of genetic segments initiated over 3 billion years ago, to be part of their life style, by sphero-protoplastic cells, the ancestors of archaea, prokaryota, and eukaryota. These primordial cells shared a hostile anaerobic and overheated environment and competed for survival. "Coexist with, or subdue and conquer, expropriate its most useful possessions, or symbiose with it, your competitor" remain cellular life's basic rules. This author emphasizes the role of viruses, both in mediating cell fusions, such as the formation of the first eukaryotic cell(s) from a united crenarchaeon and prokaryota, and the transfer of host cell genes integrated into viral (phages) genomes. After rising above the Darwinian threshold, rigid rules of speciation and vertical inheritance in the three domains of life were established, but horizontal gene transfers with or without cell fusions were never abolished. The author proves with extensive, yet highly selective documentation, that not only unicellular microorganisms, but the most complex multicellular entities of the highest ranks resort to, and practice, cell fusions, and donate and accept horizontally (laterally) transferred genes. Cell fusions and horizontally exchanged genetic materials remain the fundamental attributes and inherent characteristics of the living matter, whether occurring accidentally or sought after intentionally. These events occur to cells stagnating for some 3 milliard years at a lower yet amazingly sophisticated level of evolution, and to cells achieving the highest degree of differentiation, and thus functioning in dependence on the support of a most advanced multicellular host, like those of the human brain. No living cell is completely exempt from gene drains or gene insertions.

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“…Entre os peixes, primeiros vertebrados em que aparece o desenvolvimento placentário (LONG et al, 2008), há diversos modelos de placentação, cada qual estruturalmente muito diferente um dos outros. Atualmente, a placentação é uma característica encontrada em diversos peixes ósseos e cartilaginosos (HAMLETT, 1999;POLLUX, et al, 2009 (GOOD et al, 1967).…”

Section: Especificidade Do Anticorpounclassified

“…Apesar do subfilo dos vertebrados ser o único a apresentar resposta imunológica combinada, por muito tempo ciclóstomos foram considerados animais desprovidos de sistema imune adaptativo (GOOD et al, 1967;MARCHALONIS et al, 1998 (GOOD et al, 1967;MARCHALONIS et al, 1998;ANDERSON et al, 2004;CARRIER et al, 2004).…”

Section: Especificidade Do Anticorpounclassified

“…Além disso, surgem os RAGs (Recombinase-Activating Genes), ativadores de recombinação gênica das Igs e TCR, MHC (complexo principal de histocompatibilidade) relacionadas à apresentação de antígenos aos linfócitos T, assim como receptores de células T rearranjados. Ao longo da história evolutiva dos Gnathostomata a estrutura do complexo de receptor de célula T permanece virtualmente constante (GOOD et al, 1967;MARCHALONIS et al, 1998;LIESCHKE;TREDE, 2009 1999;MUNN et al, 1999;TERNESS et al, 2002;FALLARINO et al, 2003).…”

Section: Especificidade Do Anticorpounclassified

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<b>Presença da proteína Indoleamina 2, 3-dioxigenase (IDO) na interface materno-fetal de <i>Prionace glauca</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</b>

Salmon¹

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The Development of Immunological Capacity in Phylogenetic Perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to injection with cellular antigens

The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to injection with cellular antigens

Horizontal Gene Transfers with or without Cell Fusions in All Categories of the Living Matter

<b>Presença da proteína Indoleamina 2, 3-dioxigenase (IDO) na interface materno-fetal de <i>Prionace glauca</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</b>

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