The Development of Naringin for Use against Bone and Cartilage Disorders

Abstract

Bone and cartilage disorders are the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. There is no absolute cure for all bone and cartilage disorders. The exploration of natural compounds for the potential therapeutic use against bone and cartilage disorders is proving promising. Among these natural chemicals, naringin, a flavanone glycoside, is a potential candidate due to its multifaceted pharmacological activities in bone and cartilage tissues. Emerging studies indicate that naringin may promote osteogenic differentiation, inhibit osteoclast formation, and exhibit protective effects against osteoporosis in vivo and in vitro. Many signaling pathways, such as BMP-2, Wnt/β-catenin, and VEGF/VEGFR, participate in the biological actions of naringin in mediating the pathological development of osteoporosis. In addition, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis abilities of naringin also demonstrate its beneficial effects against bone and cartilage disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone and cartilage tumors, and tibial dyschondroplasia. Naringin exhibits protective effects against bone and cartilage disorders. However, more efforts are still needed due to, at least in part, the uncertainty of drug targets. Further biological and pharmacological evaluations of naringin and its applications in bone tissue engineering, particularly its therapeutic effects against osteoporosis, might result in developing potential drug candidates.

Exploring the effects of naringin on oxidative stress-impaired osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt pathways

“…A total of 2911 OP-related DEGs then underwent enrichment analyses using KEGG and GO. KEGG analysis revealed that OP-related DEGs were mainly enriched in the PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways, which was consistent with numerous studies reporting a role for the PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling in osteogenic differentiation 23 , 24 . GO function analysis showed that OP-related DEGs were mainly enriched in response to oxidative stress, ROS, and H 2 O 2 in BP and were mainly enriched in binding growth factor receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and NO synthase in MF.…”

Antiviral activity of chrysin and naringenin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection

“…Chrysin is the main active ingredient extracted from the purple wisteria plant and the Chinese red pine, both belonging to the family of Fabaceae , while naringenin is a secondary metabolite of citrus plants of Rutaceae ( 37 ). Both compounds have been confirmed to possess various biological activities, such as antioxidant ( 38 ), anti-inflammatory ( 39 ), anti-cancer ( 40 ), anti-asthmatic, anti-bacterial ( 41 ), and anti-arthritis effects ( 42 ), and they can enhance the host innate immune response ( 43 ). In recent years, domestic and foreign studies have found that chrysin and naringenin have good inhibitory effects on DNA and RNA viruses, including enterovirus 71, hepatitis virus, influenza virus, and dengue virus, providing theoretical references for the development of new antiviral drugs.…”

Direct osteogenesis and immunomodulation dual function via sustained release of naringin from the polymer scaffold

“…Although NG was extensively developed as an anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis drug in previous studies, there are fewer reports on its osteo-immunomodulation properties. [59][60][61] In this study, the influence of the NG released from NG-MBG/PLLA scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation, inflammation reaction, and immune regulation of mBMSCs, RAW264.7, and macrophage-conditioned cultured mBMSCs was fully investigated. Moreover, the slow release of NG can be achieved by loading NG on MBG, which also avoids the cytotoxicity caused by excessive drug concentration.…”