The Development of New Radionuclide Generator Systems for Nuclear Medicine Applications

Knapp, F. F.; Callahan, A.P.; Mirzadeh, Saed; Brihaye, C.; Guillaume, Marcel

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2584-0_8

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These systems have been in use for over 60 years and have offered substantial benefits for nuclear medicine applications by providing short-lived radionuclides for the formulation of radiopharmaceuticals for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The current importance and success of clinical nuclear medicine is due to the availability of radionuclide generators, especially the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator. [23][24][25][26][27] A number of other generator technologies have sufficiently matured and are available on either research or commercial basis to meet nuclear medicine demands.…”

Section: Radionuclide Generators Commonly Used For Biomedical Applica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial radionuclide generators: a potential step towards accelerating radiotracer investigations in industry

2013

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The novel use of industrial radionuclide generators (IRG) ensures onsite availability of short-lived radionuclides and is expected to contribute significantly to industrial radiotracer investigations. While IRG technology is in its infancy, the use of generator-derived radioisotopes is expected to have broad potential impact on industrial radiotracer investigations. The optimal combination of suitable IRGs and appropriate radiotracer agents will form the basis of such industrial radiotracer investigations. Development of IRGs customized for specific applications is currently under development and the utility of such systems is expected to pave the way for a variety of industry related applications in the areas of residence time distribution (RTD) study, flow rate measurement, leak detection, etc. In this review, we discuss the principles of radionuclide generators, assess major parent/daughter pairs of interest for IRG, and identify the expected utility of potentially useful IRGs. Availability of the parent radionuclides required for IRG fabrication is an important criterion and hence their production is also reviewed. This overview outlines a critical assessment of recent developments, the contemporary status, and key challenges and apertures to the near future. Increase in the knowledge and use of IRGs utilizing available resources will encourage expanded use of these systems for expected future industrial radiotracer studies.Prof. M. R. A.Pillai, PhD, DSc retired as Head, Radiopharmaceuticals Division, BARC in 2013. He worked at the University of Missouri-Columbia as postdoctoral research associate (1987-89) and as visiting professor (1994). He served the IAEA (2003IAEA ( -2010 as a Technical Officer, in which capacity he directed projects on isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals involving 40 countries as well published 14 IAEA documents. He is an Associate Editor of Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals and is a member of the Editorial Boards of Current Medicinal Chemistry, Current Radiopharmaceuticals and the American Journal of Nuclear medicine and Molecular Imaging. He has authored three books, 130 papers including 10 review articles, and holds two US patents.

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Section: Radionuclide Generators Commonly Used For Biomedical Applica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial radionuclide generators: a potential step towards accelerating radiotracer investigations in industry

2013

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“…An important requirement, however, is to minimize radiation dose to nontarget organs by modifying the chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the radiolabeled agent. Although the daughter radioisotopes from a great number of radioisotope generators are either being studied and/or have been proposed for therapeutic applications [10][11][12][13]28], this review discusses generator systems currently used in clinical practice or preclinical studies or those which hold particular promise for future clinical use.…”

Section: Generator-derived Radioisotopes For Therapeutic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…68Ge is produced with a-particle (helium-4) reaction on zinc targets, or by proton spallation of KBr targets, and can also be produced with low-energy medical accelerators (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Due to its rather long half-life, however, its production rate per day is quite small and this limits its production in small medical cyclotrons.…”

Section: The Strontium-82/rubidium-82 Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reviews have described in detail the production of parent radioisotopes and the fabrication and use of radioisotope generators for nuclear medicine applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Radionuclide generators for nuclear medicine can be classified by several different approaches, which include the mode of production of the parent (accelerator or reactor) [11], the mode of decay, half-lives [6] and applications [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The continuing important role of radionuclide generator systems for nuclear medicine

1994

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In this review, the continuing importance and status of development of radionuclide generator systems for nuclear medicine are discussed. Radioisotope costs and availability are two important factors, and both nuclear reactors and accelerator facilities are required for production of the parent radioisotopes. Radionuclide generator research is currently focused on the development of generators which provide radioisotopes for positron emission tomography (PET) applications and daughter radioisotopes for various therapeutic applications which decay primarily by particle emission. Generator research continues to be influenced by developments and requirements of complementary technologies, such as the increasing availability of PET. In addition, the availability of a wide spectrum of tumor-specific antibodies, fragments, and peptides for radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy has stimulated the need for generator-derived radioisotopes. The advantages of treatment of arthritis of the synovial joints with radioactive particles (radiation synovectomy) may be expected to be of increasing importance as the elderly population increases, and many of these agents are prepared using generator-derived radioisotopes such as yttrium-90 and rhenium-188. Therapeutic use of the "in vivo generator" is a new approach, where the less radiotoxic parent radioisotope is used to prepare tissue-specific therapeutic agents. Following in vivo site localization, decay of the parent provides the daughter for therapy at the target site. The principal foundation of most diagnostic agents will continue to require technetium-99m from the molybdenum-99/technetium-99m ("Moly") generator. With the limited availability of nuclear reactors and facilities necessary for production and processing of fission 99mTc and the significant issues and problems associated with radioactive waste processing, however, the possibility of utilizing lower specific activity 99Mo produced from neutron activation of enriched 98Mo may become practical in the future.

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“…The production of a variety of reactor-produced parent radioisotopes for radionuclide generator systems has been the subject of several reviews (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The 99MoflgmTc generator system is a unique example, because a large variety of tissue-specific radiopharmaceuticals routinely used for various clinical procedures for diagnosis of diseases of the heart, lungs, skeleton, brain and tumor detection are prepared from 99"Tc.…”

Section: Reactor-produced Parents For Radionuclide Generator Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production capabilities in US nuclear reactors for medical radioisotopes

Mirzadeh¹,

Callahan²,

Knapp

et al. 1992

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le_w 18ew 74 (28.6%) 69,4d 112 114 LEFT IRIDIUM 191M DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITE_D report Ms been reproduceddirectly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Sc_ffic end Technical Information,P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; prices available from (615) 576-8401, FTS 826-8401. Available to the pub_ from the National Technical Infornmtion Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal lid., Springfield,VA 22161.TNa report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, exprm or klq:4lad, or assumes any legal liability or re_oonslbilltyfor the accuracy, completeness, or usefulnessof any information,apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or rel)resem that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product: proce_, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or knply its endorsement,r,mornnwndstion,or favoringby the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States L Government or any agency thereof. CoverThe ORNL High Flux Reactor has the highest thermal neutron flux and is used to produce tungsten-188 which is the parent for a generator system providing carrier-free rhenium-188 for therapeutic applications. The end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular images obtained in a patient were measured with the ultra short-lived iridium-191m radioisotope (half-life 4.96 seconds). The images were kindly provided by P. Franken, M.D., from the Nuclear Medicine Department at the Free University of Brussels. lridium-191m was obtained from the osmium-191/iridium-19im generator developed at ORNL in conjunction with the Cyclotron Research Center in Liege, Belgium.

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The Development of New Radionuclide Generator Systems for Nuclear Medicine Applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Industrial radionuclide generators: a potential step towards accelerating radiotracer investigations in industry

Industrial radionuclide generators: a potential step towards accelerating radiotracer investigations in industry

The continuing important role of radionuclide generator systems for nuclear medicine

Production capabilities in US nuclear reactors for medical radioisotopes

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