The Development of Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccines

Smith, Corey; Khanna, Rajiv

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22834-1_16

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…One possible approach to developing such a vaccine would be to target gp350 or other viral proteins [73]. A small trial evaluating a vaccine against EBV showed limited results in MS [74]. Recent advances in vaccination with a focus on genomic vaccines, that are able to deliver multiple proteincoding sequences, could help to advance vaccination studies in MS [75].…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Emerging Immunotherapies

Bar‐Or

Pender

Khanna

et al. 2020

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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205

149

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New treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) focused on B cells have created an atmosphere of excitement in the MS community. B cells are now known to play a major role in disease, demonstrated by the highly impactful effect of a B cell-depleting antibody on controlling MS. The idea that a virus may play a role in the development of MS has a long history and is supported mostly by studies demonstrating a link between B cell-tropic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and disease onset. Efforts to develop antiviral strategies for treating MS are underway. Although gaps remain in our understanding of the etiology of MS, the role, if any, of viruses in propagating pathogenic immune responses deserves attention. HighlightsClinical studies show that depletion of B cells reduces disease burden in both relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

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Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Emerging Immunotherapies

Bar‐Or

Pender

Khanna

et al. 2020

Trends in Molecular Medicine

Self Cite

205

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Along with the management of HIV individuals and ART program, interventions to reduce cancer risk factors should also be implemented in this population. Cancer prevention measures in PLWHA should include smoking cessation, HBV and HCV treatment, vaccination against HBV and HPV, annual cervical and anal Pap tests and cancer screening according to relevant guidelines 4, 133–138 . Furthermore, a better understanding of cancer risk attributable to specific factors in different HIV infected groups is needed to develop strategies in preventing cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer risk factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jin

Liu

Ding

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Cancer is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate prevalence of cancer risk factors among Chinese PLWHA based on 102 articles. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the summary prevalence estimate (sPrev) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each cancer risk factor by demographic group. Overall, the sPrev for each risk factor among Chinese PLWHA was: 41.1% (95% CI: 35.3–46.9%) for current smoking; 30.3% (95% CI: 23.3–37.4%) for current alcohol consumption; 24.4% (95% CI: 14.7–30.2%) for overweight and obesity; 12.5% (95% CI: 10.6–14.3%) for hepatitis B virus infection; 29.1% (95% CI: 23.6–34.5%) for hepatitis C virus infection; 33.9% (95% CI: 24.3–43.5%) for high-risk human papillomavirus infection from cervical samples and 78.6% (95% CI: 69.4–87.7%) from anal samples; 2.7% (95% CI: 0.7–4.7%) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) positivity, 94.7% (95% CI: 90.7–98.8%) for EBV IgG positivity and 25.6% (95% CI: 12.4–38.8%) for EBV DNA positivity; 14.9% (95% CI: 12.4–17.4%) for human herpes virus 8 infection. The prevalence of major cancer risk factors was high among PLWHA in China, suggesting an urgent need for interventions to reduce cancer risk in this high-risk group.

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“…An alternative strategy to induce a cell-mediated immunity to control latent-infected cells in persistently infected individuals may have a role in the prevention of EBV-related malignancies and autoimmune disorders. 19 Due to the capability of the virus to establish latent infection in B cells, 14 in those who already have MS, potential therapeutic strategies include B-celldepleting therapies and anti-retroviral drugs. Rituximab, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab are monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 + B cells which have shown disease-ameliorating effects in clinical trials.…”

Section: Ebvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis: Report from the 2016 ECTRIMS focused workshop

et al. 2017

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), most likely autoimmune in origin, usually beginning in early adulthood. The aetiology of the disease is not well understood; it is viewed currently as a multifactorial disease which results from complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, of which a few are potentially modifiable. Improving our understanding of these factors can lead to new and more effective approaches to patient counselling and, possibly, prevention and management of the disease. The 2016 focused workshop of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) addressed the topic of environmental, modifiable risk factors for MS, gathering experts from around the world, to collate experimental and clinical research into environmental factors that have been associated with the disease onset and, in a few cases, disease activity and progression. A number of factors, including infections, vitamin D deficiency, diet and lifestyle factors, stress and comorbidities, were discussed. The meeting provided a forum to analyse available evidence, to identify inconsistencies and gaps in current knowledge and to suggest avenues for future research.

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The Development of Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccines

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Epstein–Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Emerging Immunotherapies

Epstein–Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Emerging Immunotherapies

Cancer risk factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis: Report from the 2016 ECTRIMS focused workshop

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