The development of spatial behaviour and the hippocampal neural representation of space

Wills, Thomas J.; Muessig, Laurenz; Cacucci, Francesca

doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0409

Cited by 70 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(316 reference statements)

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“…A potential mechanism for this type of synchronized shift in microglial maturation could be the acquisition of receptors or additional cellular machinery that allow microglia to begin responding to local regulatory cues already present in the BG. During the second postnatal week, onset of basic locomotion, novel sensory input from ear and eye opening, and changes in GABA polarity (Wills et al, 2014; Marin, 2016) are likely to alter BG circuit activity and these processes could also contribute to initiating and shaping this stage of microglial maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Cues Establish and Maintain Region-Specific Phenotypes of Basal Ganglia Microglia

Biase

Schuebel

Fusfeld

et al. 2017

Neuron

347

348

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SUMMARY Microglia play critical roles in tissue homeostasis and can also modulate neuronal function and synaptic connectivity. In contrast to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which arise from multiple progenitor pools, microglia arise from yolk sac progenitors and are widely considered to be equivalent throughout the CNS. However, little is known about basic properties of deep brain microglia, such as those within the basal ganglia (BG). Here, we show that microglial anatomical features, lysosome content, membrane properties, and transcriptomes differ significantly across BG nuclei. Region-specific phenotypes of BG microglia emerged during the second postnatal week and were re-established following genetic or pharmacological microglial ablation and repopulation in the adult, indicating that local cues play an ongoing role in shaping microglial diversity. These findings demonstrate that microglia in the healthy brain exhibit a spectrum of distinct functional states and provide a critical foundation for defining microglial contributions to BG circuit function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Cues Establish and Maintain Region-Specific Phenotypes of Basal Ganglia Microglia

Biase

Schuebel

Fusfeld

et al. 2017

Neuron

347

348

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“…To fully understand episodic memory in adulthood, it is important to understand how the hippocampus is built during postnatal development and how it gains the ability to influence behavior (Wills et al, 2013). Because developmental approaches to investigation of hippocampal function are on the rise, this mini-review is intended to define appropriate behavioral tests for younger animals (often referring back to pioneering literature) and highlight recent mechanistic experiments that are beginning to create a unified model of the neural bases of hippocampal maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental studies of the hippocampus and hippocampal-dependent behaviors: Insights from interdisciplinary studies and tips for new investigators

Albani¹,

McHail²,

Dumas³

2014

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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The hippocampus is not fully developed at birth and, with respect to spatial cognition, only begins to show signs of adult-like function at three postnatal weeks in rodents. Studying the developmental period spanning roughly two to four weeks of age permits an understanding of the neural framework necessary for the emergence of spatial navigation and, quite possibly, human episodic memory. However, due to developmental factors, behavior data collection and interpretation can be severely compromised if inappropriate designs are applied. As such, we propose methodological considerations for the behavioral assessment of hippocampal function in developing rats that take into account animal size, growth rate, and sensory and motor ability. We further summarize recent key interdisciplinary studies that are beginning to unravel the molecular machinery and physiological alterations responsible for hippocampal maturation. In general, hippocampal development is a protracted process during which unique contributions to spatial cognition and complex recognition memory come “on line” at different postnatal ages creating a unique situation for elucidating the neural bases of specific components of higher cognitive abilities.

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“…Hippocampal formation plays a pivotal role in spatial cognition and navigation [24]. The homing test is a useful task for the evaluation of these rudimentary cognitive abilities in infant rats [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sevoflurane and clonidine on acid base status and long-term emotional and cognitive outcomes in spontaneously breathing rat pups

et al. 2017

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BackgroundNumerous experiments in rodents suggest a causative link between exposure to general anaesthetics during brain growth spurt and poor long-lasting neurological outcomes. Many of these studies have been questioned with regard of their translational value, mainly because of extremely long anaesthesia exposure. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the impact of a short sevoflurane anaesthesia, alone or combined with clonidine treatment, on respiratory function in spontaneously breathing rat pups and overall effects on long-lasting emotional and cognitive functions.MethodsAt postnatal day (PND) 7, male Sprague Dawley rat pups were randomized into four groups and exposed to sevoflurane for one hour, to a single dose of intraperitoneal clonidine or to a combination of both and compared to a control group. Blood gas analysis was performed at the end of sevoflurane anaesthesia and after 60 minutes from clonidine or saline injection. Emotional and cognitive outcomes were evaluated in different group of animals at infancy (PND12), adolescence (PND 30–40) and adulthood (PND 70–90).ResultsRat pups exposed to either sevoflurane or to a combination of sevoflurane and clonidine developed severe hypercapnic acidosis, but maintained normal arterial oxygenation. Emotional and cognitive outcomes were not found altered in any of the behavioural task used either at infancy, adolescence or adulthood.ConclusionsSixty minutes of sevoflurane anaesthesia in newborn rats, either alone or combined with clonidine, caused severe hypercapnic acidosis in spontaneously breathing rat pups, but was devoid of long-term behavioural dysfunctions in the present setting.

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The development of spatial behaviour and the hippocampal neural representation of space

Cited by 70 publications

References 150 publications

Local Cues Establish and Maintain Region-Specific Phenotypes of Basal Ganglia Microglia

Local Cues Establish and Maintain Region-Specific Phenotypes of Basal Ganglia Microglia

Developmental studies of the hippocampus and hippocampal-dependent behaviors: Insights from interdisciplinary studies and tips for new investigators

Effects of sevoflurane and clonidine on acid base status and long-term emotional and cognitive outcomes in spontaneously breathing rat pups

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