The Development of the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ)

Demetrovics, Zsolt; Urbán, Róbert; Nagygyörgy, Katalin; Farkas, Judit; Griffiths, Mark D.; Pápay, Orsolya; Kökönyei, Gyöngyi; Felvinczi, Katalin; Oláh, Attila

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036417

Cited by 176 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ; Demetrovics et al, 2012). The POGQ is a standardized tool with good validity and reliability indices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder criteria

Király

Sleczka

Pontes

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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317

248

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Introduction: The inclusion of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in the DSM-5 (Section 3) has given rise to much scholarly debate regarding the proposed criteria and their operationalization.The present study's aim was threefold: to (i) develop and validate a brief psychometric instrument (Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test; IGDT-10) to assess IGD using definitions suggested in DSM-5, (ii) contribute to ongoing debate regards the usefulness and validity of each of the nine IGD criteria (using Item Response Theory [IRT]), and (iii) investigate the cut-off threshold suggested in the DSM-5.Methods: An online gamer sample of 4,887 gamers (age range 14-64 years, mean age 22.2 years [SD=6.4], 92.5% male) was collected through Facebook and a gaming-related website with the cooperation of a popular Hungarian gaming magazine. A shopping voucher of approx. 300 Euros was drawn between participants to boost participation (i.e., lottery incentive). Confirmatory factor analysis and a structural regression model were used to test the psychometric properties of the IGDT-10 and IRT analysis was conducted to test the measurement performance of the nine IGD criteria. Finally, latent class analysis along with sensitivity and specificity analysis were used to investigate the cut-off threshold proposed in the DSM-5.Results: Analysis supported IGDT-10's validity, reliability, and suitability to be used in future research. Findings of the IRT analysis suggest IGD is manifested through a different set of symptoms depending on the level of severity of the disorder. More specifically, "continuation", "preoccupation", "negative consequences" and "escape" were associated with lower severity of IGD, while "tolerance", "loss of control", "giving up other activities" and "deception" criteria were associated with more severe levels. "Preoccupation" and "escape" provided very little information to the estimation IGD severity. Finally, the DSM-5 suggested threshold appeared to be supported by our statistical analyses.Conclusions: IGDT-10 is a valid and reliably instrument to assess IGD as proposed in the DSM-5. Apparently the nine criteria do not explain IGD in the same way, suggesting that additional 2 studies are needed to assess the characteristics and intricacies of each criterion and how they account to explain IGD.

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“…Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ; Demetrovics et al, 2012). The POGQ is a standardized tool with good validity and reliability indices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder criteria

Király

Sleczka

Pontes

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

Self Cite

317

248

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“…6,7 There is a lack of agreement as to the precise name and definition of the phenomenon, but the general consensus is that excessive online gaming can lead to a variety of physical/psychological problems. 8 Few studies have examined the prevalence of problematic gaming. Gentile 9 reported that 8.5% of American children aged 8-18 years exhibited pathological playing patterns.…”

Section: T He Growth Of Online Videogamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire Short-Form and Prevalence of Problematic Online Gaming in a National Sample of Adolescents

Pápay

Urbán

Griffiths

et al. 2013

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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The rise and growing popularity of online games has led to the appearance of excessive gaming that in some cases can lead to physical and psychological problems. Several measures have been developed to explore the nature and the scale of the phenomenon. However, few measures have been validated psychometrically. The aim of the present study was to test the psychometric properties of the 12-item Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire Short-Form (POGQ-SF) and to assess the prevalence of problematic online gaming. Data collection was carried out to assess the prevalence of problematic online gaming in a national representative adolescent sample by using an offline (pen and pencil) method. A total of 5,045 secondary school students were assessed (51% male, mean age 16.4 years, SD = 0.9 years) of which 2,804 were gamers (65.4% male, mean age 16.4 years, SD = 0.9 years). Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to test the measurement model of problematic online gaming, and latent profile analysis was used to identify the proportion of gamers whose online game use can be considered problematic. Results showed that the original six-factor model yielded appropriate fit to the data, and thus the POGQ-SF has appropriate psychometric properties. Latent profile analysis revealed that 4.6% of the adolescents belong to a high risk group and an additional 13.3% to a low risk group. Due to its satisfactory psychometric characteristics, the 12-item POGQ-SF appears to be an adequate tool for the assessment of problematic online gaming.

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“…These six criteria (preoccupation, tolerance, withdrawal, persistence, escape, and problems) can also be found among the proposed criteria for IGD in the latest (fifth) edition of the DSM (DSM-5). In addition to these six criteria, the DSM-5 includes three other criteria that are diagnostic indicators of dysfunction: deception (1,13), displacement (14,15), and conflict (3). After careful consideration by a multidisciplinary expert workgroup, the APA decided on the tentative term "Internet gaming disorder" in the DSM (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although IGD is not yet recognized as an official clinical entity (16), several new promising psychometric tools covering the nine IGD criteria have been developed following the formal recognition of this condition by the APA in May 2013 (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale

Evren¹,

Dalbudak²,

Topcu³

et al. 2017

Dusunen Adam

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The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Internet Gaming Disorder ScaleObjective: The main aim of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS), both the long (27-item) and short (9-item) polytomous versions, which are survey instruments that measure Internet gaming disorder (IGD) on the basis of the 9 criteria from the 5 th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Method: Participants were evaluated by applying the 27-item IGDS and the Young's Internet Addiction TestShort Form (YIAT-SF). The psychometric properties of the IGDS were tested through an online survey completed by volunteers who are university students in Ankara, active Internet game players, as well as individuals who are in the e-mail database of an Istanbul-based company which organizes e-sports tournaments. Results: A single component on the nine-item IGDS reached the criterion of an Eigenvalue greater than one (5.926), and the variance accounted for by this component was 65.85%. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the structural validity (i.e., the dimensional structure) of the nine-item IGDS was satisfactory. This short version of the scale was also reliable (i.e., internally consistent with Cronbach's α of 0.931) demonstrating good criterion-related validity, as indicated by positive correlations with time spent playing games, and the YIAT-SF score. Correlation between the 27-item IGDS and the nine-item IGDS was very high (n=457; r=0.988, p<0.001). Test-retest correlation for both the 27-item IGDS (n=261, r=0.759) and nine-item IGDS (n=261, r=0.756) were high. When the DSM-5 threshold for diagnosis (experiencing 5 or more criteria) was applied, the prevalence of disordered gamers ranged between 3.9% and 9.2%, according to the cutoff point chosen for each item. Conclusion:The results of the validity and reliability testing of the Turkish version of the nine-item IGDS were found to be similar to the findings of the original scale. These findings support the Turkish versions of the nineitem IGDS, which measure a unidimensional construct as being valid and reliable IGD screening instrument in determining IGD which can become problematic among young adults and also for the purposes of early diagnosis and use in other relevant research. Keywords: e-sport, internet gaming disorder, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, university students ÖZET İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği Türkçe versiyonunun psikometrik özellikleriAmaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğunu (İOOB) ölçmek için değerlendirme araçları olan ve Zihinsel Bozuklukların Teşhis ve İstatistik El Kitabı'nın (DSM-5) beşinci baskısından kaynaklanan 9 ölçüte dayanarak değerlendiren, hem uzun (27 madde) hem de kısa (9 maddelik) çoklu cevaplı İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği (İOOBÖ) versiyonlarının psikometrik özelliklerini test etmektir. Yöntem: Katılımcılar 27 maddelik İOOBÖ ve Young'ın İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi Kısa Formu (YİBT-KF) kulla...

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The Development of the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ)

Cited by 176 publications

References 25 publications

Validation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder criteria

Validation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder criteria

Psychometric Properties of the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire Short-Form and Prevalence of Problematic Online Gaming in a National Sample of Adolescents

The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale

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