The Development of the Shoot Apex and of the Primary Thickening Meristem in Phoenix canariensis Chaub., with Comparisons to Washingtonia filifera Wats. And Trachycarpus excelsa Wendl.

Ball, Ernest

doi:10.2307/2436668

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In the Rosaceae the members of the Chrysobalanoideae (not considered in this study) are clearly distinguishable, while the Pomoideae, Prunoideae, etc., cannot be separated clearly from one another. Boke (1941) , Ball (1941) , Reeve (1942) and Hsii (1944) described a similar situation in the plants which they studied. Variation within a genus or species would seem to eliminate the configuration of the shoot apex in the Rosaceae from being of specific ontogenetic or taxonomic significance.…”

Section: [Vol 38mentioning

confidence: 72%

A Comparative Study of Vegetative Shoot Apices in the Rosaceae

Rouffa

Gunckel

1951

American J of Botany

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Section: [Vol 38mentioning

confidence: 72%

A Comparative Study of Vegetative Shoot Apices in the Rosaceae

Rouffa

Gunckel

1951

American J of Botany

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“…The possible relationship between the chirality of palms and latitude and geomagnetic field has also been analysed by various authors (e.g., Davis and Davis 1987;Minorsky 1998;Minorsky and Bronstein 2006). Comparatively, there are very few studies dealing with the geometry of the shoot apical meristem (Ball 1941;Rees 1964). Although the development of palm leaves has been studied in detail (Padmanabhan and Veerasamy 1974;Dengler et al 1982;Rich et al 1995;Scanlon 2000;Nowak et al 2007) the phyllotactic organisation at the level of the shoot tip remains relatively unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllotaxis of the palmEuterpe oleraceaMart. at the level of the shoot apical meristem

Barabé

Bourque

Yin

et al. 2010

Botany

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Previous studies on palm phyllotaxis deal mainly with the mature trunk. The goals of this study are (i) to determine the relationship between the number of parastichies, the divergence angle, and the plastochrone ratio at the level of the shoot apical meristem; (ii) to examine whether there are fluctuations in the divergence angle; (iii) to interpret the significance of phyllotactic parameters with respect to the mode of growth of the apex. The tubular base of the leaf primordium is more or less asymmetrical, and completely surrounds the shoot apical meristem. The phyllotactic system corresponds to a (2, 3) conspicuous parastichy pair. The mean divergence angle per apex varies between 126.98 ± 9.38 (mean ± SD) and 135. 88 ± 8.08. Divergence angles for all apices fluctuate within a range of 115.898 to 157.338. The mean plastochrone ratios between apices varies from 1.35 ± 0.18 to 1.58 ± 0.12. The plastochrone ratio at each plastochrone for all apices ranges from 1.09 to 2.00. There is no correlation between the angle of divergence and the plastochrone ratio. There is a fluctuation in the value of the divergence angle that falls within the range predicted by the fundamental theorem of phyllotaxis. The high value of the ratio of the diameter of leaf primordia over the diameter of the apex, and the long plastochrone might explain the lack of correlation between certain phyllotactic parameters.Résumé : Des études précédentes ont porté sur la phyllotaxie de palmier, mais surtout chez des tiges adultes. Le but de cette étude est de (i) déterminer la relation entre le nombre de parastiches, l'angle de divergence et le ratio du plastochrone, à la hauteur du méristème apical de la tige; (ii) de vérifier s'il y a des fluctuations dans l'angle de divergence; (iii) d'interpréter la signification des paramètres phyllotaxiques en relation avec le mode de croissance apicale. La base tubulaire du primordium foliaire est plus ou moins asymétrique et entoure complètement le méristème apical de la tige. Le système phyllotaxique correspond à une (2, 3) paire bien visible de parastiches. L'angle moyen de divergence par apex varie entre 126,98 ± 9,38 (moyenne ± DS) et 135,88 ± 8,08. La divergence des angles pour tous les apex fluctue régulièrement entre 115,898 et 157,338. Les ratios des plastochrones moyens entre les apex varient entre 1,35 ± 0,18 et 1,58 ± 0,12. Le ratio du plastochrone à chacun des plastochrone pour tous les apex va de 1,09 à 2,00. Il n'y a pas de corrélation entre l'angle de divergence et le ratio du plastochrone. On observe une fluctuation dans la valeur de l'angle de divergence qui se situe dans l'écart prédit par le théorème fondamental de la phyllotaxie. La valeur élevée du ratio du diamètre du primordium foliaire sur le diamètre de l'apex et le long plastochrone pourrait expliquer l'absence de corrélation entre certains paramètres phyllotaxiques.

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“…Although various studies have pointed to the fact that variations in size and shape of the SAM occur during a plastochron, only a few reports have studied this phenomenon. The majority of published studies report the average meristem size as corresponding to ''the width of the apex immediately above the youngest primordium'' (Ball 1941;Cutter 1965;Mauseth 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early effects of the mutation laurina on the functioning and size of the shoot apex in coffee tree and analysis of the plastochron phases: relationships with the dwarfism of leaves

Lécolier

Noirot

Escoute

et al. 2009

Trees

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The current article presents the investigations into the effect of the laurina mutation on the functioning and size of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in Coffea arabica. This monolocus and Mendelian mutation is known to have pleiotropic effects on tree shape and dwarfism. A comparison between the wild type C. arabica var. Bourbon and its natural dwarf mutant C. arabica var. laurina, also called Bourbon pointu, was carried out leading to three main results: (1) the effects appeared immediately after the emergence of the buttress but did not affect the dome-shaped SAM (size and shape); (2) the effects were located at the peripheral zone and maintained subsequently within the leaf primordia; (3) the effects consisted of reduction in both the size of primordia and the height of incipient internode, consequently resulting in dwarfism of mature leaves and internodes. By contrast, the laurina mutation had no effect on the relationship between the phyllochron and the plastochron, the decussate and opposite phyllotaxis, and the relative timing of SAM functioning within the plastochron.

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The Development of the Shoot Apex and of the Primary Thickening Meristem in Phoenix canariensis Chaub., with Comparisons to Washingtonia filifera Wats. And Trachycarpus excelsa Wendl.

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparative Study of Vegetative Shoot Apices in the Rosaceae

A Comparative Study of Vegetative Shoot Apices in the Rosaceae

Phyllotaxis of the palmEuterpe oleraceaMart. at the level of the shoot apical meristem

Early effects of the mutation laurina on the functioning and size of the shoot apex in coffee tree and analysis of the plastochron phases: relationships with the dwarfism of leaves

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