The diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating microRNAs in coronary artery disease: A novel approach to disease diagnosis of stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common manifestation of CVD and the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality in most populations globally. There are several biomarkers for diagnosis of MI. Troponin is routinely used as a biomarker in patients with chest pain, but it lacks sensitivity in the first hours of onset of symptoms, and so there is still a clinical need for new biomarkers for the diagnosis of CAD events. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation and their expression is altered during CAD events. Whilst studies have shown that several miRNAs are not superior to troponin in the diagnosis of a MI, they may be useful in the early diagnosis and prognosis of patients with CAD, however further studies are required. In this review we have summarized the recent studies investigating circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for the early detection of MI, CVD risk stratification and in the assessment of the prognosis of patients with ACS.

The regulatory role of microRNAs in angiogenesis‐related diseases

“…A recent study reported that serum miR‐122, miR‐140‐3p, miR‐720, miR‐2861 and miR‐3149 are increased in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, and serum miR‐1, miR‐134, miR‐186, miR‐208, miR‐233 and miR‐499 are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and miR‐186, miR‐132 and miR‐150 are the most critical miRNAs for the diagnosis of UA 162. Moreover, plasma miR‐26a is up‐regulated in a model of AMI in mice and in human beings with ACS 117.…”

“…160 In addition, miR-126 and miR-92a are directly regulated by hemodynamic forces, and miR-92a can promote atherogenesis and vascular inflammation. 158 162 Moreover, plasma miR-26a is up-regulated in a model of AMI in mice and in human beings with ACS. 117 Interestingly, recent discoveries showed that circulating miR-214 was up-regulated in the early phase after AMI but then gradually decreased to near normal levels.…”

The potential therapeutic and prognostic impacts of the c‐MET/HGF signaling pathway in colorectal cancer

“…microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small, single‐stranded, nonprotein‐coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) composed of approximately 19–22 nucleotides long . miRNAs can be found in different body fluids . These short‐fragment RNAs acting as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression play pivotal roles in many biological processes and cellular pathways including cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis .…”

Toll-like Receptors Signaling Pathways as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease

“…There is evidence of an association between the expression of microRNA (miRNA or miR) and regulation of TLRs-mediated signaling (18). miRNAs are short, non-coding RNA comprised of 19-22 nucleotides which play key roles in posttranscriptionally regulation of many biological activities in the cells such as gene expression in cardiovascular and immune system cells (1). In this regard, Taganov et al observed that TLR4 ligand could be able to increase miR-132, miR-146a and miR-155.…”

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health problem with a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and particularly in developing countries. Over the last decade, the prevalence of CVD has risen alarmingly and it is now estimated that about 17 million deaths, and a very high rate of complications result from CVD and this imposes huge economic burden on healthcare system (1,2). Ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are responsible for a large percentage of patients with CVD (3).…”