The diameter factor of aligned membranes facilitates wound healing by promoting epithelialization in an immune way

Abstract

Topographical properties, such as pattern and diameter, of biomaterials play important roles in influencing cell activities and manipulating the related immune response during wound healing. We prepared aligned electrospinning membranes with different fiber diameters, including 319 ± 100 nm (A300), 588 ± 132 nm (A600), and 1048 ± 130 nm (A1000), by adjusting the distance from the tip to the collector, the injection rate, and the concentration of the solution. The A300 membranes significantly improved cell proliferation and spreading and facilitated wound healing (epithelization and vascularization) with the regeneration of immature hair follicles compared to the other membranes. Transcriptomics revealed the underlying molecular mechanism that A300 could promote immune-related processes towards a pro-healing direction, significantly promoting keratinocyte migration and skin wound healing. All the results indicated that wound healing requires the active participation of the immune process, and that A300 was a potential candidate for guided skin regeneration applications.

Tracing immune cells around biomaterials with spatial anchors during large-scale wound regeneration

“…6K). Consistent with our previous report [19] , the ECM membrane implanted in large wound did not trigger an obvious fibrous capsule (Fig. S7).…”

“…The preparation of biosynthetic ECM membranes was similar to our previous report [19] . Mice were euthanatized at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the surgery, and the small (diameter 10 mm, for small wound) or large (diameter 25 mm, for large wound) round full-thickness sample was harvested.…”

“…The preparation of biosynthetic ECM membranes was similar to our previous report [19] .To fabricate the electrospinning scaffold with approximate 300nm diameter aligned fibers, 20% w/v PLGA (LA/GA = 75:25, molecular weight = 105 kDa, Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co. Ltd.) and 2% w/v FC (Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd.) were dissolved in HFIP (Aladdin Co., Ltd.) with stirring until complete dissolution. The solution was fed at 0.018mm/min, and a voltage of -2/5kv and 11 cm distance between the needle (21G) and the rotating cylinder (2800 rpm) was applied.…”

“…Our previous study has showed that the aligned topography electrospinning scaffold was able to lead to an enhanced regeneration of HF (small wound, diameter 6mm), along with the immunomodulatory effect of activating the adaptive system [18] . On this basis, we next found that aligned scaffold with 300nm diameter has a better pro-regenerative effect (small wound, diameter 6mm), along with the recruitment of reparative macrophages [19] . However, we wonder if ECM scaffold could exert the regenerative effect in mouse large wounds either.…”

“…With the further understanding of tissue engineering, it is suggested that synthetic materials imitating the native structure of native ECM structure can integrate and play potentially pro-regeneration role to wound healing [15, 45] . Our previous report has illustrated the pro- regenerative immuno-regulatory effect of aligned electrospinning scaffold with approximate 300nm diameter fibers in small wound (diameter=0.6cm) healing [18, 19] . We wonder if the polymer ECM scaffold exerts the similar pro-regenerative effect in large wound which required better flexibility, biocompatibility, degradability.…”