The dIANA database – Resource for isotopic paleodietary research in the Baltic Sea area

Ancient Bacterial Genomes Reveal a High Diversity of Treponema pallidum Strains in Early Modern Europe

“…A B century, yet full confidence of the date cannot be gained due to the potential marine reservoir effect [57,58]. Some cases of endemic treponematoses are assigned to Europe prior to the apparent eradication of the disease in the 20 th century [89][90][91], and although the early infections' likeness to the modern clinical condition is not assured, this sample provides the first direct evidence of a TPE infection in historical Northern Europe, far from its typical present-day distribution.…”

“…All four positive samples in this study were radiocarbon dated (STAR Methods). The putatively pre-Columbian samples Article CHS119 and SJ219 went through additional attestation of the dating procedures: a fragment of the wooden platform from the grave was dated in addition to the individual SJ219, and reservoir effect corrections were calculated for the sample CHS119 dating results [57,58]. These additional estimates, however, resulted in upper limit date ranges within the 17 th century CE for both individuals (STAR Methods).…”

Buried in water, burdened by nature—Resilience carried the Iron Age people through Fimbulvinter

“…These were averaged (±standard error of the mean) for each food group (Table K in S6 Appendix) and used in dietary modelings. Fractional isotopic values (Table J in S5 Appendix) of the edible macronutrients-protein and energy (carbohydrates + fats)-for each food group were obtained based on measured isotopic data from literature through the public δIANA database [41] established for paleodietary research in the Nordic areas, supplemented with the data of this work. All the isotopic values (plants, dairy products, flesh, and bone; Table G-H in S5 Appendix) were individually converted to macronutrient isotopic values by adopting case-specific offsets (Table I in S5 Appendix) from literature.…”

Ancient bacterial genomes reveal a formerly unknown diversity ofTreponema pallidumstrains in early modern Europe

“…One of them, the genome CHS119 from Finland, clusters with the present TPE group (causative agent of yaws). Although the direct radiocarbon dating places the sample in the 15 th -16 th century, a full confidence of the exact date cannot be gained, due to the potential marine reservoir effect 52,53 . This sample provides the first evidence of yaws infections in historical Northern Europe, far from the tropical environment in which present-day yaws is typically found.…”

“…Alternatively, other available carbon-based materials from the grave can be used to confirm the dating of an individual in uncertain cases. The putatively pre-Columbian samples CHS119 and SJ219 went through additional attestment of the dating procedures: A fragment of the wooden coffin of the individual SJ219 was used for additional dating analysis and the reservoir effect corrections were produced for the sample CHS119 52,53 .…”