The difference of regulatory effect of two Inonotus obliquus extracts on high‐fat diet mice in relation to the fatty acid elongation function of gut microbiota

Abstract

Obesity is a disease that causes metabolic disorders in the human body and is closely related to intestinal microbes. This experiment compares the therapeutic effects of two Inonotus obliquus extracts on high‐fat diet (HFD) mice and explores the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora and its metabolites. The energy intake (EI), weight gain (BWG), fecal flora diversity, fecal and urine metabolites, and fecal triglycerides (TG) of mice were measured at 4 temporal points. We found that due to the difference in energy intake between the two groups in the early stage of the experiment, the ethanol extract of Inonotus obliquus (IOE) had a stronger effect on the accumulated BWG than the polysaccharide (IOP) of Inonotus obliquus at the end of the experiment. Moreover, the difference caused by IOE and IOP intake was the largest in the second week, in four temporal points. Compared with IOP, IOE in the second week can reduce EI, fecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and TG, reduce host metabolism, increase fecal Akkermansia and fatty acid elongation, and increase host substrate phosphorylation. The change trend of the fatty acid elongation P value from 2 to 14 weeks is consistent with the overall difference trend between the two groups. The difference in the regulating effect of the two Inonotus obliquus extracts on HFD mice is related to the fatty acid elongation function of the intestinal flora, which leads to the reduction of IOE and the effect of BWG is better than IOP. It provides a theoretical reference for the development of functional food using the extract of Inonotus obliquus.

Recent Developments in Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) Polysaccharides: Isolation, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Application

“…[ [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Polyphenol Antioxidant [25] Triterpenoid Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant [26][27][28][29][30] Melanin Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hypolipidemic and immunomodulatory [24,[31][32][33][34] Polysaccharides are natural biopolymers that all living organisms have. And the diversity in monosaccharide composition and structure causes them to have different biological activities [35].…”

Three main metabolites from Wolfiporia cocos (F. A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb regulate the gut microbiota in mice: A comparative study using microbiome-metabolomics

“…Accumulated evidence indicates that natural products and their bioactive components, which are macromolecular bioactive carbohydrates with several biological activities and a high potential application value in the pharmaceutical field, have attracted considerable attention owing to their diverse bioactivities ( Miaoyu Li et al, 2021 ). A series of clinical studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides from fungi possess antitumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-hepatitis, and anti-diabetes properties ( Hu et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2021 ; Yu et al, 2021 ). Research on gut microbiota has become increasing prevalent in recent years; animal guts contain a remarkable abundance of microorganisms that are intimately related and play a major role in maintaining overall health ( Pickard et al, 2017 ).…”

Gender-related differences in the effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide on intestinal microorganisms in SD rats model

“…Interestingly, the polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus exert certain biological activities, thereby allowing it to be used as a prebiotic to fight diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases ( 16 ). Previous research has already found that IOP could help alleviate acute endometritis ( 20 ) and improve the severity of both obesity ( 39 ) and chronic pancreatitis ( 40 ) by converting the diversity of intestinal flora to a healthier state and this, in turn, improves the antioxidant status, thereby reducing inflammation levels, and improving host metabolism ( 41 ).…”