The differences in testicular volumes in boys 8–36months old with undescended, retractile and hydrocele testis — Usefulness of scrotal screening ultrasound

Jędrzejewski, Grzegorz; Woźniak, Magdalena Maria; Madej, Tomasz; Kryza, R.; Zielonka-Lamparska, Edyta; Wieczorek, Paweł

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.07.023

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Studies applying ultrasound confirm that retractile testes show reduced volume in relation to normal testes (21). One recent retrospective study of 43 boys who had been diagnosed as having retractile testis noted that surgical intervention had been found necessary in 16.3% of the cases and the probability of surgery was higher in cases that had been diagnosed at younger ages (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Do retractile testes have anatomical anomalies?

et al. 2016

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Objectives:To assess the incidence of anatomical anomalies in patients with retractile testis.Materials and Methods:We studied prospectively 20 patients (28 testes) with truly retractile testis and compared them with 25 human fetuses (50 testes) with testis in scrotal position. We analyzed the relations among the testis, epididymis and patency of the processus vaginalis (PV). To analyze the relations between the testis and epididymis, we used a previous classification according to epididymis attachment to the testis and the presence of epididymis atresia. To analyze the structure of the PV, we considered two situations: obliteration of the PV and patency of the PV. We used the Chi-square test for contingency analysis of the populations under study (p <0.05).Results:The fetuses ranged in age from 26 to 35 weeks post-conception (WPC) and the 20 patients with retractile testis ranged in ages from 1 to 12 years (average of 5.8). Of the 50 fetal testes, we observed complete patency of the PV in 2 cases (4%) and epididymal anomalies (EAs) in 1 testis (2%). Of the 28 retractile testes, we observed patency of the PV in 6 cases (21.4%) and EA in 4 (14.28%). When we compared the incidence of EAs and PV patency we observed a significantly higher prevalence of these anomalies in retractile testes (p=0.0116).Conclusions:Retractile testis is not a normal variant with a significant risk of patent processus vaginalis and epididymal anomalies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Do retractile testes have anatomical anomalies?

et al. 2016

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“…[12] To monitor testicular function, invasive testicular biopsies would be required, but such an invasive procedure in young boys would not be ethically acceptable. It has also been thought that repeated measurements of testicular volume could be translated to testicular function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ultrasound in the management of undescended testes before and after orchidopexy – an update

Jędrzejewski

Wieczorek²,

Osemlak³

et al. 2016

Medicine

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the testicular volume and structure using ultrasound (US) before and up to 3 years after orchidopexy in children with different age.A total of 128 patients underwent orchidopexy for undescended testes. Afterwards, patients were invited for annual follow-up and control scrotal US. The total number of analyzed testes after orchidopexy was 184. Patients were divided according to age at the time of surgery: group I (2–4 years old), group II (5–7), and group III (8–10). In all patients, the testicular volume ratio was calculated as the operated testes volume versus the control testes mean volume.There was an increase in the median ratio in all age groups, from 0.86 to 0.95 in group I, 0.82 to 0.92 in group II and 0.78 to 0.90 in group III. In group of the patients 2 to 4 years old the growth of the ratio 3 years after surgery was statistically significant.Abnormalities in the structure of the testes, which may indicate severe damage to the testis, were seen in approximately 20% of patients on initial exams. On follow-up exams, this type of structure remained in 7% of patients. Testes with an initial ratio <0.25 and inhomogeneous structure did not show any significant growth.Scrotal US can be used for an accurate comparative assessment of the structure and growth of the testes before and after orchidopexy.Abnormalities in the structure of the testes may identify testes requiring more advanced methods of evaluation.

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“…The study concerning those observation was published in 2012, in the Early Human Development Journal. [12] Many pathologies such as an undescended and migrating testis, microlithiasis are proven conditions predisposing to the occurrence of cancer, so treatment or follow-up of those is essentially the prevention of tumors. In case of the female reproductive system, no significant pathology in the course of research was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound screening for neoplasms in children up to 6 years old

Jędrzejewski

Woźniak²,

Pawelec³

et al. 2016

Medicine

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The aim of the ultrasound (US) screening program was to detect neoplastic lesions in children, together with other pathologies of the developmental age in the area of the neck, abdomen, female pelvis, and scrotum in boys.US screening scans, including cervical, abdominal, pelvical, and scrotal US, were performed in the population of asymptomatic children aged from 9 months to 6 years. The children were scanned in Mobile Pediatric US Unit, consisting of 2 independent consulting rooms.The scans of 14,324 children were analyzed, 7247 boys and 7077 girls. Totally 42,538 US examinations were performed, including 14,187 cervical scans, 14,259 abdominal scans, 6942 female pelvical scans, and 7150 scrotal scans. Totally 5426 abnormalities were detected, which represent 12.7% of all examinations and 30% of patients. Three tumors were recognized, which are renal malignant tumor diagnosed as Wilms tumor, neurogenic tumor of the rib, and teratoma of the testis.US screening in pediatric population can be used to reveal lesions inaccessible to clinical examination, like tumors or other pathologies of developmental age before the onset of clinical symptoms. Due to the large number of detected abnormalities it should be recommended to the whole population of certain age.

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The differences in testicular volumes in boys 8–36months old with undescended, retractile and hydrocele testis — Usefulness of scrotal screening ultrasound

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Do retractile testes have anatomical anomalies?

Do retractile testes have anatomical anomalies?

The role of ultrasound in the management of undescended testes before and after orchidopexy – an update

Ultrasound screening for neoplasms in children up to 6 years old

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