The Direct Cost and Incidence of Systemic Fungal Infections

Wilson, Leslie; Reyes, Carolina; Stolpman, Michelle; Speckman, Julie; Allen, Karoline; Beney, Johnny

doi:10.1046/j.1524-4733.2002.51108.x

Cited by 333 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In humans, Candida sp. is one of the most common opportunistic fungal lung infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients (Limper 2010, Wilson et al 2002. There are several case reports concerning disseminated candidiasis in dogs (Clercx et al 1996, Rodriguez et al 1998, Heseltine et al 2003, Moretti et al 2004, Brown et al 2005, Skoric et al 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal pneumonia is also a concern in humans, an increasing number of affected people with high morbidity and mortality have been described (Richardson 2005, Limper 2010, Silva 2010, Wilson et al 2002, Brown et al 2012, Garnacho-Montero et al 2013, Mandanas & Byrd 2014. A common-source environmental exposure may result in disease of both animals and humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal pneumonia in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs in southern Brazil

et al. 2018

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RESUMO.-[Pneumonia fúngica em cães e gatos do sul do Brasil com sinais clínicos pulmonares.] Pneumonia fúngica tem sido um diagnóstico diferencial em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares, sendo também um risco de saúde pública para seus respectivos proprietários. Uma vez que uma fonte comum de exposição ambiental pode resultar em infecção, cães e gatos podem agir como sentinelas da doença para ambos, pessoas e animais. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de pneumonia fúngica em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares, de maio de 2013 a fevereiro 2015 no sul do Brasil. Radiografias torácicas, exame de sangue e lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) não broncoscópico seguido de análise citológica e microbiológica foram realizados em todos os animais. Um cão foi positivo na cultura do fluido do LBA para um fungo patogênico (Cryptococcus neoformans) e outro cão para um fungo oportunista (Candida parapsilosis). Ambos os cães apresentaram tosse como sinal clínico principal e alterações radiológicas torácicas. Em conclusão, a ocorrência de pneumonia fúngica no sul do Brasil em cães e gatos por meio deste estudo foi relativamente baixa. A cultura do LBA pode possibilitar o diagnóstico de pneumonia fúngica causada por fungos oportunistas ou patogênicos e este diagnóstico diferencial deve ser uma preocupação em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Pneumonia fúngica, cães, gatos, sul do Brasil, lavado broncoalveolar, saúde pública, micoses. INTRODUCTIONThe most common type of pneumonia detected in dogs and cats is caused by bacteria, however, fungal, parasitic and viral pneumonia require a differential diagnosis in patients with respiratory distress (Cohn 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal pneumonia in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs in southern Brazil

et al. 2018

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“…1 continue to be significant in incidence (1-3), but it also remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care, post-surgical, and cancer patients (3)(4)(5) and accounts for substantial healthcare costs (6,7). Clinical outcomes might be improved by early initiation of antifungal therapy.…”

Section: Not Only Does Systemic Candidiasis (Sc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding Serological Response to Candida Cell Wall Immunome into Novel Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Candidates for Systemic Candidiasis by Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses

Pitarch

Jiménez

Nombela

et al. 2006

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

132

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In an effort to bring novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or even potential targets for vaccine design for systemic candidiasis (SC) into the open, a systematic proteomic approach coupled with bioinformatic analysis was used to decode the serological response to Candida wall immunome in SC patients. Serum levels of IgG antibodies against Candida wall-associated proteins (proteins secreted from protoplasts in active wall regeneration, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and identified by mass spectrometry) were measured in 45 SC patients, 57 non-SC patients, and 61 healthy subjects by Western blotting. Two-way hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of their serum anti-Candida wall antibody expression patterns discriminated SC patients from controls and highlighted the heterogeneity of their expression profiles. Multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that high levels of antibodies against glucan 1,3-␤-glucosidase (Bgl2p) and the antiwall phosphoglycerate kinase antibody seropositivity were the only independent predictors of SC. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed no difference between their combined evaluation and measurement of anti-Bgl2p antibodies alone. In a logistic regression model adjusted for known prognostic factors for mortality, SC patients with high anti-Bgl2p antibody levels or a positive anti-wall enolase antibody status, which correlated with each other, had a reduced 2-month risk of death. After controlling for each other, only the seropositivity for anti-wall enolase antibodies was an independent predictor of a lower risk of fatality, supporting that these mediated the protective effect. No association between serum anti-cytoplasmic enolase antibody levels and outcomes was established, suggesting a specific mechanism of enolase processing during wall biogenesis. We conclude that serum anti-Bgl2p antibodies are a novel accurate diagnostic biomarker for SC and that, at high levels,

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“…In patients undergoing organ transplants or chemotherapy, or when indigenous competitors are eliminated upon antibiotic treatment, opportunistic pathogens may gain access to vulnerable tissues, causing death in #50% of infected patients (Wilson et al 2002). Consequently, it is important to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the survival and adaptation of opportunistic pathogens to growth in host environments (Margolis and Levin 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution inCandida albicansPopulations During a Single Passage Through a Mouse Host

et al. 2009

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The mechanisms and rates by which genotypic and phenotypic variation is generated in opportunistic, eukaryotic pathogens during growth in hosts are not well understood. We evaluated genomewide genetic and phenotypic evolution in Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, during passage through a mouse host (in vivo) and during propagation in liquid culture (in vitro). We found slower population growth and higher rates of chromosome-level genetic variation in populations passaged in vivo relative to those grown in vitro. Interestingly, the distribution of long-range loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and chromosome rearrangement events across the genome differed for the two growth environments, while rates of short-range LOH were comparable for in vivo and in vitro populations. Further, for the in vivo populations, there was a positive correlation of cells demonstrating genetic alterations and variation in colony growth and morphology. For in vitro populations, no variation in growth phenotypes was detected. Together, our results demonstrate that passage through a living host leads to slower growth and higher rates of genomic and phenotypic variation compared to in vitro populations. Results suggest that the dynamics of population growth and genomewide rearrangement contribute to the maintenance of a commensal and opportunistic life history of C. albicans.

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The Direct Cost and Incidence of Systemic Fungal Infections

Abstract: The cost burden is high for systemic fungal infections. Additional attention should be given to the 55% with fungal disease and other comorbid diagnoses.

Cited by 333 publications

References 42 publications

Fungal pneumonia in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs in southern Brazil

Fungal pneumonia in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs in southern Brazil

Decoding Serological Response to Candida Cell Wall Immunome into Novel Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Candidates for Systemic Candidiasis by Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses

Evolution inCandida albicansPopulations During a Single Passage Through a Mouse Host

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