“…In recent years, significant progress has been made in nanofabrication techniques, including electron beam lithography, electron beam-induced deposition, and self-assembly. 10,11 The advancements in these fabrication methods have increased the nanomanufacturing process's precision and complexity, greatly expanding nanostructure application fields, such as in microfluidic devices, 12 lab-on-a-chip applications, 13 optical sensors, [14][15][16] etc. Alongside these developments, both experiments and simulations have been conducted to explore the photothermal responses elicited by various plasmonic structures.…”