The diseases of airway-tracheal diverticulum: a review of the literature

Sayit, Aslı Tanrıvermiş; Elmalı, Muzaffer; Sağlam, Dilek; Çelenk, Çetin

doi:10.21037/jtd.2016.10.92

Cited by 62 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar to previous studies, TD were almost always identified on the right side of the trachea. [ 1 , 3 , 7 ] This finding is probably explained by the fact that the right side of the trachea is relatively weaker in terms of withstanding an increased intratracheal pressure, while the left side is more resistant because of the support provided by both the esophagus and the aortic arch. [ 14 ] Therefore, every condition that cause increased intratracheal pressure, such as chronic cough or obstructive lung diseases, can lead to the onset of TD preferentially in the right side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital TD are frequently found 4 to 5 cm below the vocal cords or a few centimeters above the carina, usually in the right paratracheal area. [ 3 ] They are considered to be the result of a defect in the development of the posterior membrane of the tracheal wall or in the differentiation of the tracheal cartilage during fetal development. [ 4 ] Congenital TD are generally smaller than acquired and have the same structural anatomy of the trachea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They develop from areas of diminished resistance of the tracheal cartilage due to longstanding increased intraluminal pressure, caused by chronic cough or obstructive lung disease. [ 3 ] Their wall is lined by respiratory epithelium and lack of muscular layer and cartilage, being pseudo-diverticula. [ 2 ] Acquired TD can be found more frequently at the level of the thoracic inlet in the posterolateral tracheal wall (Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tracheal diverticula

Pace¹,

Dapoto²,

Surace³

et al. 2018

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To assess the prevalence of tracheal diverticula (TD) in patients referred for thoracic Computed Tomography (CT).1679 consecutive patients subjected to thoracic CT examination for different causes, from January to June 2017, were included in this cohort study. CT was performed with a 64 slice CT, using a standard protocol and Multiplanar Reformat Images (MPR). A TD was defined as a thin-walled air sac at the paratracheal wall with a communication with the tracheal lumen. Congenital or acquired nature of TD was determined by the anatomical location, being usually the congenital ones located 4 to 5 cm below the vocal cords or a few centimeters above the carina in the right paratracheal area, whereas acquired ones were located at the level of the thoracic inlet, in the posterolateral tracheal wall. Presence of TD was assessed and their number and size recorded based on 2 axial diameters and size of neck.One or more TD were found in 96 patients (5.7% of sample), with a slight preponderance (65%) in male gender. Globally, 124 TD were detected; they were solitary in 75% of cases, double in 20.8%, and in about 4.2% they were triple. Average size of the TD was 1.3×4.9 mm with a mean width of the neck of 1.9 mm. The peak of prevalence (9%) was in patients belonging to the fourth-decade group (see Table 1Table 1Distribution of TD in our patients according to age. ). According to their anatomical location, the majority (97.6%) of TD were acquired in nature and devoided of specific symptoms (see below).Acquired TD were detected in about 1 out of 20 of thoracic CTs and were usually incidentally. Our findings show a slightly higher frequency than previously reported. The most frequent presentation was in male and as a single entity. Clinically, TD was not associated with specific symptoms, in particular with chronic cough or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tracheal diverticula

Pace¹,

Dapoto²,

Surace³

et al. 2018

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several authors have suggested bronchial diverticula are related to COPD and smoking-related lung diseases [13–16]. Others have suggested that the development of PACs, which is similar to subcarinal or bronchial diverticula, is associated with chronic inflammation and obstructive lung disease (including COPD), upper lung fibrosis, and bronchiectasis [4, 7, 17, 18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Paratracheal Air Cysts on Thoracic CT and Their Association with Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease

Kim

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose. To determine the association between the progression of upper lung fibrosis and paratracheal air cysts (PACs) size. Materials and Methods. The thoracic CT images of 4573 patients were reviewed for the prevalence, size, and location of PACs and their communication with trachea. In addition, the presence of upper lung fibrosis, emphysema, and bronchiectasis was evaluated in patients with PACs and compared with a control group without PACs. Upper lung fibrosis was analyzed using a fibrosis score system. Results. The prevalence of PACs was 6.8%. Communication with tracheal lumen was demonstrated by 31.5% of patients with PACs. The prevalence of fibrosis, emphysema, and bronchiectasis in patients with PACs were 67.5%, 21.9%, and 28.3%, respectively. The prevalence of fibrosis was significantly different in the two groups by univariable and multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 2.077, P < 0.001). 140 patients with fibrosis among PAC group underwent a previous or follow-up CT; the prevalence with increase in PAC sizes was higher in patients with increase in fibrosis score than those without it (66.2% versus 17.3%, P < 0.001). Conclusions. PACs appear to be highly related to upper lung fibrosis and moderately related to bronchiectasis. In patients with fibrosis, PAC sizes tended to increase with the progression of upper lung fibrosis.

show abstract

“…2 When symptomatic, the most common presentations are chronic cough, dyspnoea, stridor and/or recurrent tracheobronchitis 3. Few reports of exercised-induced dyspnoea secondary to this condition are found 4.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%