The distribution, abundance and life-histories of stoneflies (Plecoptera) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in a British River, warmed by cooling-water from a power station

The Life History and Ecology of the Stonefly Neoperla clymene (Newman) (Plecoptera: Perlidae)1

“…Heiman and Knight (1970) studied the growth and development of the stonefly Paragnetina media Walker and found that growth rate varied directly with temperature. Langford (1971) investigated the distribution, abundance and life histories of stoneflies and mayflies in a British river, warmed by cooling-water from a power station. Radford and Hartland-Rowe (1971) described the life cycles of some stoneflies and mayflies in Alberta, and concluded that there seems to be a strong correlation between life cycles and food availability.…”

The effects of a thermal discharge on the macroinvertebrate community of a large British river: implications for climate change

“…Among the many anthropogenic activities which have 53 directly or indirectly caused changes in river temperatures and aquatic biota are tree- 54 clearance, impoundments and thermal discharges from power stations and other industries 55 (Langford, 1983(Langford, , 1990Caissie, 2006;Broadmeadow, et al 2011). stressors, freshwater environments are considered to be some of the systems most 66 sensitive to climate change (Durance & Ormerod, 2009 (e.g., Langford, 1971Langford, , 1983Langford, , 1990). Power station thermal discharges have affected a range 77 of aquatic organisms including fish, algae, bacteria and macrophytes (Langford, 1983(Langford, , 1990), 78 and inform our understanding of both organism and ecosystem resilience to thermal stress.…”

“…1). This reach was selected because of the lack 101 of upstream industrial pollution, high macro-invertebrate diversity and the presence of 102 many pollution-sensitive taxa (Langford & Daffern, 1975 Gorge (Langford, 1970(Langford, , 1971 and were similar between the two sites (Langford, 1971 carried out using k-means clustering (Hartigan & Wong, 1979 The impact of the thermal discharge on the community structure was assessed by examining 215 between site differences in Shannon-Wiener diversity, abundance and taxa richness. vs. FCM).…”

Replacement by Caenis diminuta walker (ephemeroptera:caenidae) in the mayfly community structure of a thermally-stressed, southeastern stream

“…Changes in lotic macroinvertebrate community structure have been used frequently to investigate impacts of thermal stress (Benda & Proffitt 1974, Dahlberg & Conyers 1974Howell & { I I Gentry 1974;Langford 1971;Obrdl1k, Adamek & Zahradka 1979;Rodgers 1980). However, these findings have often appeared contradictory, probably due to the differing intensity, duration and seasonal timing of the thermal perturbations under examination.…”

“…Reduced mayfly abundance and diversity were also reported by Howell & Gentry (1974) in a thermal stream. Langford (1971) reported that, although heated effluent from a 3 power plant did not affect numbers of mayflies collected from an English river, relative abundances of major mayfly taxa shifted.…”