The Distribution and Fecal Analysis of Yakushima Macaques on the Conifer Forest

Yoshihiro, Shinichi; Ohtake, Masaru; Zamma, Koichiro; Hanya, Goro; Matsubara, Hideaki; Tanimura, Tomoaki; Kubo, Rituko; Matsushima, Kana; Hayakawa, Shinya; Kojima, Takatoshi; Hirano, Akifumi; Takahata, Yukio

doi:10.2354/psj.14.189

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fruit fall (either total, only fl eshy fruits, or only macaque food-fruits, or only pulp or edible parts) was larger in the western lowland forest than in the high-altitude forests. The density of Japanese macaques is known to be higher in the lowland forest than in the high-elevation forests (Yoshihiro et al, 1998;Yoshihiro et al, 1999;Hanya et al, 2004). Although our study showed that composition of fruit fall varies considerably among forest types, the western lowland area was a favorable habitat for macaques with respect to both gross fruit fall and fruit fall composition (i.e., proportion of food-fruits).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Fruit fall in five warm- and cool-temperate forests in Yakushima, Japan

Hanya

Aiba

2010

For. Stud. China

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Quantifi cation of fruit fall is the only way to compare fruit food availability among different studies. This study aims to reveal the general characteristics of fruit fall in temperate forests, which should offer indispensable information for using fruit fall data as food availability for frugivores. Fruit fall in three warm-temperate and two cool-temperate forests on Yakushima, an island in southwestern Japan, were studied for two years in one cool-temperate plot of 50 m × 50 m in size and for four years in other plots of 100 m × 50 m in size. The elevations of the plots ranged 170-1200 m a.s.l. Fruit fall was highest in the lowland forests (599 and 564 DW kg·ha -1 ·year -1 and lowest in the mid-elevation forest (198 DW kg·ha -1 ·year -1 ). Fleshy fruits and food-fruits for Japanese macaques constituted 3-37% and 4-87% of the total fruit fall, respectively. When only fl eshy-fruit fall was compared, it was higher in the western lowland forest (222 DW kg·ha -1 ·year -1 ) than in any other forests (9-66 DW kg·ha -1 ·year -1 ). The pulp of fl eshy fruits, presumably the edible parts for frugivores, was only 1.1-12.7% of the total fruit fall. The edible parts for Japanese macaques constituted 3-54% of the fruit fall, showing a high value where acorns are abundant. Half of the fruit-fall biomass consisted of only one or two nonfl eshy-fruited species, which are usually dominant in many other temperate forests, such as Quercus and conifers. These variations agreed with the variations in occurrence of frugivorous (such as Japanese macaques).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Fruit fall in five warm- and cool-temperate forests in Yakushima, Japan

Hanya

Aiba

2010

For. Stud. China

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“… Data sources. 1: Morellato 1992, 2: Torres de Assupcao 1983, 3: Terborgh 1983, 4: Stevenson et al 2000, 5: Stevenson 2007, 6: Vargas and Stevenson 2009, 7: Palacois and Peres 2005, 8: Villela and Proctor 1999, 9: Pontes 1999, 10: Zhang and Wang 1995, 11: Kessler 1998, 12: Colonnello 1991, 13: Eisenberg 1978, 14: Foster 1982, 15: Glanz 1990, 16: Sanchez and Alvarez‐Sanchez 1995, 17: Estrada and Coates‐Estrada 1985, 18: Chapman et al 1994, 19: Chapman et al 1999, 20: Yoshihiro et al 1998, 21: Yoshihiro et al 1999. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality in fruit availability affects frugivorous primate biomass and species richness

Hanya¹,

Stevenson²,

Noordwijk³

et al. 2011

Ecography

100

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We examine the effect of total annual food abundance and seasonal availability on the biomass and species richness for frugivorous primates on three continents (n=16 sites) by data on fruit fall. We reveal that the best‐fit models for predicting primate biomass include total annual fruit fall (positive), seasonality (negative) and biogeography (Old World>New World and mainland>island) and that these factors explain 56–67% of the variation. For the number of species, the best‐fit models include seasonality (negative) and biogeography (Old World>New World and mainland>island) but not total annual fruit fall. Annual temperature has additional effects on primate biomass when the effects of fruits and biogeography are controlled, but there is no such effect on species richness. The present results indicate that, measured on local scales, primate biomass and number of species is affected by the seasonal variation in food availability.

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The Distribution and Fecal Analysis of Yakushima Macaques on the Conifer Forest

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Fruit fall in five warm- and cool-temperate forests in Yakushima, Japan

Fruit fall in five warm- and cool-temperate forests in Yakushima, Japan

Seasonality in fruit availability affects frugivorous primate biomass and species richness

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