The Distribution of Wheat and Maize Roots as Influenced by Biopores in a Subsoil of the Kanto Loam Type

Nakamoto, Takahiro

doi:10.1626/pps.3.140

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The mean share of subsoil RLD in biopores relative to total subsoil RLD observed in the field experiment amounted to 10% on the last day of measurement, which is rather low compared with values from the literature, where shares of 14 to 100% have been reported (Ehlers et al, 1983; Gaiser et al, 2013; Nakamoto, 2000; White and Kirkegaard, 2010). The reasons for this large variability in biopore RLD observed in different studies are manifold and include crop species, soil structure and texture, but above all diverging definitions of biopores with regard to diameter as well as different methods to assess the root distribution within the bulk soil and biopores (e.g., profile wall method, Böhm and Koepke, 1977; core‐break method, Kirkegaard et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Modeling the Impact of Biopores on Root Growth and Root Water Uptake

Landl

Schnepf

Uteau³

et al. 2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas A 3D soil–root model was used to investigate root–biopore interactions. Known effects of biopores on root growth, i.e., increased root length and depth were reproduced. Despite reducing root–soil contact, biopores led to increased water uptake in dry periods. Biopores had a larger impact on water uptake for more compact and less conductive soils. Roots are known to use biopores as preferential growth pathways to overcome hard soil layers and access subsoil water resources. This study evaluates root–biopore interactions at the root‐system scale under different soil physical and environmental conditions using a mechanistic simulation model and extensive experimental field data. In a field experiment, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown on silt loam with a large biopore density. X‐ray computed tomography scans of soil columns from the field site were used to provide a realistic biopore network as input for the three‐dimensional numerical R‐SWMS model, which was then applied to simulate root architecture as well as water flow in the root–biopore–soil continuum. The model was calibrated against observed root length densities in both the bulk soil and biopores by optimizing root growth model input parameters. By implementing known interactions between root growth and soil penetration resistance into our model, we could simulate root systems whose response to biopores in the soil corresponded well to experimental observations described in the literature, such as increased total root length and increased rooting depth. For all considered soil physical (soil texture and bulk density) and environmental conditions (years of varying dryness), we found biopores to substantially mitigate transpiration deficits in times of drought by allowing roots to take up water from wetter and deeper soil layers. This was even the case when assuming reduced root water uptake in biopores due to limited root–soil contact. The beneficial impact of biopores on root water uptake was larger for more compact and less conductive soils.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Modeling the Impact of Biopores on Root Growth and Root Water Uptake

Landl

Schnepf

Uteau³

et al. 2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…Nakamoto (2000) found that there is a higher proportion of roots growth in wheat than in corn through compacted soil layers. It is mainly because they have a smaller diameter in relation to the biopore diameter, allowing an easily change of direction when they meet each other, and enabling a greater ability of breaking higher density soils.…”

Section: Effect Of Soil Density To Rootmentioning

confidence: 97%

Shoot and root development of brachiaria grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) under different levels of soil density

Pacheco¹,

Miguel²,

Souza³

et al. 2016

Aust J Crop Sci

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For mitigation of negative effects of human activities on the soil density, the use of cover crops in no-tillage system (NTS) has been strongly recommended. This study aims to evaluate the shoot and root development of Urochloa ruziziensis subjected to soil density levels in dystrophic Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of U. ruziziensis submitted to five levels of soil density (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m -3 ), twenty experimental units in total. The Urochloa ruziziensis showed reduced plant height, leaf area and number of leaves with increasing soil density, resulting in morphological and physiological changes from densities higher than 1.6 Mg m -3 . However, these results demonstrate the ability of this species to break the compacted ground and form biopores. The Oxisols value of 1.4 Mg m -3 is restrictive for the plant growth and development.

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“…1d). The difference at 10-40 cm depth might be related to root distribution and maize/wheat rotation because the root distribution of vegetables is much more restricted than that of maize or wheat (Zotarelli et al, 2009;Nakamoto, 2000). (Fig.…”

Section: Soc Ic and Tnmentioning

confidence: 99%