The divergence between T cell and innate lymphoid cell fates controlled by E and Id proteins

Abstract

T cells develop in the thymus from lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors or common lymphoid progenitors into αβ and γδ subsets. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, E proteins, play pivotal roles at multiple stages from T cell commitment to maturation. Inhibitors of E proteins, Id2 and Id3, also regulate T cell development while promoting ILC differentiation. Recent findings suggest that the thymus can also produce innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). In this review, we present current findings that suggest the balance between E and Id proteins is likely to be critical for controlling the bifurcation of T cell and ILC fates at early stages of T cell development.

Immunomodulator Effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaves Extract on CD4+ and CD8+ Expression in Salmonella typhimurium infected mice

“…T cells develop from multipotent progenitors (MPPs) or common lymphoid precursors (CLPs) in the thymus (Pankow & Sun, 2022). T cell differentiation produces subcells namely CD4 + helper cells (Th1 and Th2), cytotoxic CD8+ (CTL/Tc/Ts/Tr/Th3), and memory T cells (Baratawidjaja & Rengganis, 2014).…”

Id1 expression in CD4 T cells promotes differentiation and function of follicular helper T cells and upregulation of related functional molecules

“…Multiple studies suggest that E proteins play a vital role in the development of memory CD8+ T cells, and is crucial for long-term immunity against viral infections [18,19]. Conversely, other researchers have shown that Id proteins suppress T cell activation and proliferation, and the loss of Id2 or Id3 can trigger T cell responses and autoimmunity [20][21][22][23]. The latest studies have also discovered new roles of E and Id proteins in the differentiation and functioning of regulatory T cells, critical for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases [24][25][26][27].…”