The diversity and vegetation structure based on growth levels at an urban green campus in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Darmawati, Mulyadi A, Suwondo, Harto S. 2021. The diversity and vegetation structure based on growth levels at an urban green campus in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5123-5132. The Bina Widya campus of the University of Riau (UNRI), Pekanbaru, Indonesia has the green open space (GOS) in its area and there are many species of vegetation. In a green open space, variables like diversity and vegetation structure must be considered based on growth levels, this study intended to determine the composition, structure, and diversity of vegetation.The results showed that there were 33 species of trees, 29 species of poles, 16 species of saplings, and 8 species of seedlings from 44 species belonging to 22 families. There were 874 individuals which consisted of 534 trees, 207 poles, 87 saplings, and 46 seedlings. The most common species found was Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) with 289 individuals. The highest Important Value Index of vegetation species at each growth level was the tree of Alstonia scholaris (L) R.Br (300%, location IX), the pole of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (300%, location VII), saplings of Vitex pinnata L. (300%, location IV), and S. macrophylla King (300%, locations I), seedlings of S. macrophylla King (300%, location I), and Garcinia mangostana L (300%, location IX). We did not find vegetation species at the levels of sapling or seedling in locations of II, III, V, VI, and VIII. It is necessary to replant the vegetation. The highest Species Diversity Index (H') at location X was trees (2.34), poles (2.28), saplings (1.77), and seedlings (1.17). The average H’ vegetation at Bina Widya Campus UNRI was 2.44 (medium). Vegetation on the Bina Widya Campus is fairly steady in terms of delivering advantages for human environmental services.

The low diversity of vegetation seedling and sapling threatening the tree existence at the university green space of Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

“…Other species in the ten highest IVI were Albizia chinensis (30.79%), Adenanthera pavonina (25.08%), Schleichera oleosa (14.25%), Mimusops elengi (14.10%), Filicium decipiens (12.14%), Polyalthia longifolia (7.28%), Durio zibethinus (7.16%), Syzygium aqueum (6.82%), and Samanea saman (6.79%) (Table 2). Adenanthera pavonina was also one of the highest IVI species identified at University of Riau [18]. Generally, adaptation ability is the determine factors in nutrients and lights competition among plants.…”

“…Previous studies were reported species composition at other university green spaces in Indonesia. For instance, 34 tree species at Mendalo Campus of Jambi University [25] and 33 tree species at Bina Widya Campus of Riau University [18]. Based on the growth level, we identified 18 species of tree, 8 species of poles, 2 species of sapling, and 2 species of seedling (Table 1).…”

“…Vegetation diversity illustrated the variety of species composing community that highly connected to the stabilization of the certain ecosystem [18]. The species diversity of tree and pole level was 1.7 and 1.6 respectively, indicating moderate diversity (Figure 4).…”

“…Native species were prioritized due to their ecological support function to the secure community [7]. The moderate vegetation diversity was also found at the UNRI campus green space [18], at the Ternate's green city [30], and at Sibolangit nature park as well [38]. The ecosystem with higher tree diversity has the higher potential of ecotourism attraction development, due to the uniqueness, great view, and other environmental services of trees [40].…”

“…Previous research had recorded 44 vegetation species at UNRI (University of Riau) green campus [18], 47 species at the GOS of Malahayati University [19], 150 plant species in the urban GOS of Tangerang [20], and 106 tree species in Universitas Sebelas Maret GOS [21]. This study aims to analyze the important value, diversity, evenness, and richness index of USU green space vegetation based on the growth levels from seedlings to trees.…”