The Diversity of Birds and Frogs Species at Perdana Botanical Lake Garden, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

Unbalance urban development would affect the ecosystem and environment of the people and living things. Declining and loss of flora and fauna species occurs because of landscapes and living habitat changes. Urban biodiversity is a part of ecological elements and ecosystems services of the urban environments. Thus, it is important to be maintained or preserved in urban planning and design. The lack numbers of study focusing on the field of urban wildlife such as birds and frogs around the globe. Thus, the aim of the study is to understand the scientific data on urban wildlife mainly focus on birds and amphibian. This study will provide significant information pertaining to urban biodiversity issues. Birds is chosen as the best example that will act as an indicator for the inland environment while frogs as the amphibian for the urban lake garden. Birds can be the best indicator for inland environment while frogs can be indicator for the aquatic environment of the urban lake garden.The study was conducted at Perdana Botanical Lake Garden in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The observation survey includes in details of the name of the species, number of species, habitat, data observation on time and dates, remarks and reference notes. The survey method on birds used the transect lines in order to observe the bird species within a measured line. The observation includes calculations and records of all the birds species, while walking along the transect route at average speed of 15 m/min within 30 m distance. The survey usually conducted either early in the morning and late evening. Meanwhile, the amphibian observation on frogs survey based on 'Quadrant Sampling' which is the standard quadrant being set in metre (m), in which 5 × 5 m and 10 × 10 m. The amphibian observation begin during the night time for 3 days duration started from 7.00 pm to 9.00 pm. Based on the observation at Botanical Perdana Garden, 8 species of birds has been identified. The most common is Acridotheres Tritis/Common Myna (n = 19) and the least is Geopelia Strata/Zebra Dove shows (n = 1) During the observation, a total of 6 species of frogs were found. The highest species of frogs recorded were Hylarana erythraea/Green Paddy Frog with (n = 80), while Fejervarya limnocharis/Indian Rice Frog (n = 1). The result concludes that the park need to have more species of birds that share the same eating diet such as frugivorous and nectarous. The lake garden should restructured especially the pond with ecological approach to attract more types of frogs.

A review of current knowledge and research priorities for conservation of lentic biodiversity in tropical wet and monsoonal urban landscapes

“…These included assessment of the provision of regulating or supporting services ( n = 12), perceptions of value ( n = 2), and inventoried ecosystem services ( n = 1). The study sites included urban parks (Baharuddin et al, 2017; Shafaghat et al, 2019), and natural wetlands that provided services for peri‐urban and urban communities (Das & Basu, 2020; Hara et al, 2018; Hettiarachchi, Athukorale, et al, 2014a). Research approaches often integrated land use and land cover changes with stakeholder surveys and interviews to assess changes in use for recreational and economic activities over time (D'Souza & Nagendra, 2011; Das & Basu, 2020; Hara et al, 2018; Hettiarachchi, Athukorale, et al, 2014a).…”

“…These included assessment of the F I G U R E 5 Taxonomic groups examined in studies by (a) type of study ecosystem and (b) extent of analyses carried out for each taxonomic group (n = 40) provision of regulating or supporting services (n = 12), perceptions of value (n = 2), and inventoried ecosystem services (n = 1). The study sites included urban parks(Baharuddin et al, 2017;Shafaghat et al, 2019), and natural wetlands that provided services for periurban and urban communities(Das & Basu, 2020;Hara et al, 2018;Hettiarachchi, Athukorale, et al, 2014a). Research approachesF I G U R E 6The number of studies that examined environmental factors influencing biodiversity patterns, by variable category and the specific environmental variable-taxonomic group relationships examined (n = 40).…”

A Systematic Review of Botanical Gardens Towards Eco Restoration and Connectedness to Nature for Psychological Restoration

“…Connecting with urban natural spaces has been shown in studies to have restorative psychological impacts on city dwellers. Recovery from stress, which activated position feelings [5,25], improved cognitive functioning and emotions, and room for psychotherapy for individuals seeking peace and tranquilly [3,28] were among these impacts. These represent a restorative environment in enhancing people's social function and well-being in urban areas [4].…”

“…As an individual includes nature to be a cognitive representation of oneself, it is said that they are connected to nature [4,28] which relates to the connectedness to nature. Several studies have looked into the theory's applicability in open spaces and natural environments.…”

A Review of Urban Ecosystem Services Research in Southeast Asia

“…Land Area (km 2 ) [18] Planning and designing cities to incorporate blue-green spaces is vital for mitigating socio-environmental problems affecting health and well-being [23][24][25]. Urban blue-green spaces promote greater resilience, sustainability and liveability in cities through the provision of services such as shading and cooling, carbon sequestration, stormwater management, noise attenuation, habitat for biodiversity and recreational opportunities [26][27][28][29][30]. These services, termed 'urban ecosystem services' (UES), capture the role of water (blue) (i.e., lakes and wetlands) and vegetation (green) (i.e., parks and urban forests) in or near the built environment at different spatial scales (streets, buildings, cities, regions) [31][32][33].…”