The Diversity of Muscles and Their Regenerative Potential across Animals

Zullo, Letizia; Bozzo, Matteo; Daya, Alon; Clemente, Alessio Di; Mancini, Francesco Paolo; Megighian, Aram; Nesher, Nir; Röttinger, Éric; Shomrat, Tal; Tiozzo, Stefano; Zullo, Alberto; Candiani, Simona

doi:10.3390/cells9091925

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 251 publications

(336 reference statements)

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“…The initial molecular genetic study of cephalochordate tail regeneration in B. lanceolatum (Somorjai et al, 2012) found patterns of Pax3/7 antibody staining indicating that activated stem cells comparable to vertebrate satellite cells give rise to migrating myoblasts that replace regenerating trunk musculature. A similar recruitment of myocytes from satellite‐like cells during body part regeneration is one of the commoner modes of muscle regeneration in animals generally (Zullo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Tail regeneration in a cephalochordate, the Bahamas lancelet,Asymmetron lucayanum

Holland

Somorjai

2020

Journal of Morphology

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Lancelets (Phylum Chordata, subphylum Cephalochordata) readily regenerate a lost tail. Here, we use light microscopy and serial blockface scanning electron microscopy (SBSEM) to describe tail replacement in the Bahamas lancelet, Asymmetron lucayanum. One day after amputation, the monolayered epidermis has migrated over the wound surface. At 4 days, the regenerate is about 3% as long as the tail length removed. The re‐growing nerve cord is a tubular outgrowth of ependymal cells, and the new part of the notochord consists of several degenerating lamellar cells anterior to numerous small vacuolated cells. The cut edges of the mesothelium project into the regenerate as tubular extensions. These tubes anastomose with each other and with midline mesodermal canals beneath the regenerating edges of the dorsal and ventral fins. SBSEM did not reveal a blastema‐like aggregation of undifferentiated cells anywhere in the regenerate. At 6 days, the regenerate (10% of the amputated tail length) includes a notochord in which the small vacuolated cells mentioned above are differentiating into lamellar cells. At 10 days, the regenerate is 22% of the amputated tail length: myocytes have appeared in the walls of the myomeres, and sclerocoels have formed. By 14 days, the regenerate is 35% the length of the amputated tail, and the new tissues resemble smaller versions of those originally lost. The present results for A. lucayanum, a species regenerating quickly and with little inter‐specimen variability, provide the morphological background for future cell‐tracer, molecular genetic, and genomic studies of cephalochordate regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Tail regeneration in a cephalochordate, the Bahamas lancelet,Asymmetron lucayanum

Holland

Somorjai

2020

Journal of Morphology

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“…The applications of regenerative medicine [ 34 ] and the evolutionary conservation of regeneration processes [ 35 ] collected the interests of scientists of different backgrounds, prompting experiments in evolutionary distant models [ 2 ]. The role of the immune system in the regeneration has been analyzed from different perspectives, with evidence suggesting either a promoting or an inhibiting role [ 8 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Protocol of Computer-Assisted Image Analysis Highlights the Presence of Hemocytes in the Regenerating Cephalic Tentacles of Adult Pomacea canaliculata

Bergamini

Ahmad

Cocchi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In humans, injuries and diseases can result in irreversible tissue or organ loss. This well-known fact has prompted several basic studies on organisms capable of adult regeneration, such as amphibians, bony fish, and invertebrates. These studies have provided important biological information and helped to develop regenerative medicine therapies, but important gaps concerning the regulation of tissue and organ regeneration remain to be elucidated. To this aim, new models for studying regenerative biology could prove helpful. Here, the description of the cephalic tentacle regeneration in the adult of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata is presented. In this invasive mollusk, the whole tentacle is reconstructed within 3 months. Regenerating epithelial, connective, muscular and neural components are already recognizable 72 h post-amputation (hpa). Only in the early phases of regeneration, several hemocytes are retrieved in the forming blastema. In view of quantifying the hemocytes retrieved in regenerating organs, granular hemocytes present in the tentacle blastema at 12 hpa were counted, with a new and specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol. Since it can be applied in absence of specific cell markers and after a common hematoxylin-eosin staining, this protocol could prove helpful to evidence and count the hemocytes interspersed among regenerating tissues, helping to unveil the role of immune-related cells in sensory organ regeneration.

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“…The majority of studies examining the regenerative capacities of appendages in cephalopods are, however, mostly descriptive and focused on macroscopical events; only in recent years has attention to the cellular and biological machinery of regeneration begun to escalate (Fossati et al, 2013;Fossati et al, 2015;Zullo et al, 2017). One of the main issues hindering an in-depth examination of regenerative processes remains the limited number of markers that are commercially available and specifically designed for these organisms (Wollesen et al, 2009;Zullo et al, 2020), thereby reducing the potential for direct imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Arm Regeneration: Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy to Dissect the Process in Octopus vulgaris

Imperadore¹,

Galli

Winterhalder

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Cephalopod mollusks are endowed with an impressive range of features that have captured the attention of scientists from different fields, the imaginations of artists, and the interests of the public. The ability to spontaneously regrow lost or damaged structures quickly and functionally is among one of the most notable peculiarities that cephalopods possess. Microscopical imaging techniques represent useful tools for investigating the regenerative processes in several species, from invertebrates to mammals. However, these techniques have had limited use in cephalopods mainly due to the paucity of specific and commercially available markers. In addition, the commonly used immunohistochemical staining methods provide data that are specific to the antigens studied. New microscopical methods were recently applied to vertebrates to investigate regenerative events. Among them, multiphoton microscopy appears promising. For instance, it does not depend on species-related epitopes, taking advantage of the specific characteristics of tissues and allowing for its use in a species-independent way. Here, we illustrate the results obtained by applying this label-free imaging technique to the injured arm of Octopus vulgaris, a complex structure often subject to injury in the wild. This approach allowed for the characterization of the entire tissue arm architecture (muscular layers, nerve component, connective tissues, etc.) and elements usually hardly detectable (such as vessels, hemocytes, and chromatophores). More importantly, it also provided morpho-chemical information which helped decipher the regenerative phases after damage, from healing to complete arm regrowth, thereby appearing promising for regenerative studies in cephalopods and other non-model species.

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The Diversity of Muscles and Their Regenerative Potential across Animals

Cited by 12 publications

References 251 publications

Tail regeneration in a cephalochordate, the Bahamas lancelet,Asymmetron lucayanum

Tail regeneration in a cephalochordate, the Bahamas lancelet,Asymmetron lucayanum

A New Protocol of Computer-Assisted Image Analysis Highlights the Presence of Hemocytes in the Regenerating Cephalic Tentacles of Adult Pomacea canaliculata

Imaging Arm Regeneration: Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy to Dissect the Process in Octopus vulgaris

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