The dual-mode solution of vinyl chloride monomer in poly(vinyl chloride)

Mauze, G.R.; Stern, S. A.

doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(00)85028-0

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As mentioned above, new sorption sites were created upon swelling ( Runkel and L ü thgens 1956 ; Malmquist and S ö derstr ö m 1996 ). At 60 -70% RH, the sorption isotherm of W untr exhibited an upward bend, which has previously been attributed to the softening of amorphous polymers ( Mauze and Stern 1984 ;Vrentas and Vrentas 1991 ), such as hemicelluloses. The softening of amorphous polymers decreased the viscosity and rigidity of the polymer matrix and allowed the accommodation of more water molecules in the cell wall ( Engelund et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Sorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of acetylation and formalization on the dynamic water vapor sorption behavior of wood

Himmel¹,

Mai

2014

Holzforschung

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The dynamic water vapor sorption of untreated, acetylated (W ac ), and formaldehyde-treated (W FA ) Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was studied in a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus to assess the effects of cell wall bulking and cross-linking. Both modifications resulted in a considerable reduction of reduced equilibrium moisture content (EMC R ), the corresponding equilibrium times, and hysteresis in the hydroscopic range of wood. Acetylation reduced the adsorption and desorption of water at each given relative humidity (RH) step from 0% to 95% RH, whereas formalization affected the sorption behavior of wood solely above 20% RH. From 20% to 95% RH, the EMC ratio of W FA to its control steadily decreased, whereas the EMC ratio of W ac was still constant in this RH range. Below 20% RH, the sorption behavior of W ac was governed by hydroxyl blocking, whereas that of W FA was hardly influenced compared with the control. Above 20% RH, the sorption behavior of W ac was solely determined by cell wall bulking, whereas that of W FA was governed by the increased matrix stiffness due to the cross-linking of cell wall polymers.

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Section: Sorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of acetylation and formalization on the dynamic water vapor sorption behavior of wood

Himmel¹,

Mai

2014

Holzforschung

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“…Another explanation for the upward bend of the sorption isotherm is related to softening of amorphous polymers (Mauze and Stern 1984;Vrentas and Vrentas 1991). Softening is the transition from a glassy to rubbery state of amorphous Fig.…”

Section: Sorption Isothermmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical discussion of the physics of wood–water interactions

et al. 2012

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This paper reviews recent findings on wood-water interaction and puts them into context of established knowledge in the field. Several new findings challenge prevalent theories and are critically discussed in an attempt to advance current knowledge and highlight gaps. The focus of this review is put on water in the broadest concept of wood products, that is, the living tree is not considered. Moreover, the review covers the basic wood-water relation, states and transitions. Secondary effects such as the ability of water to alter physical properties of wood are only discussed in cases where there is an influence on state and/or transition.

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“…These isotherms initially decrease with increasing pressure and, at sufficiently high relative pressure, increase slightly with increasing pressure, consistent with the generalized dual-mode sorption model. 18,19 As temperature increases, solubility decreases at all pressures explored in this study.…”

Section: 29mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Such isotherms in glassy polymers are typically described using the generalized dual-mode sorption theory. 18,19 This model predicts dual-mode-type behavior (i.e., isotherms that are concave to the relative pressure axis) at low relative pressures and so-called Flory-Huggins behavior (i.e., isotherms that are convex to the relative pressure axis) at higher relative pressures. The dual-mode model is given by:…”

Section: Equilibrium Sorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%