The dynamic changes of vaginal microecosystem in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a retrospective study of 800 patients

Abstract

There were vaginal microecological imbalances in all developing stages of RVVC. As for vaginal flora, diverse sorts changed to normal Lactobacillus dominantly with the development of RVVC. In the first occurrence of RVVC, after antifungal treatment, Lactobacillus is suggested to be timely supplemented to restore vaginal microecological balance.

Role of <em>Lactobacillus</em> in cervical cancer

“…The persistence of vaginal dysbacteriosis is thought to promote gynecological cancer. 7 , 27 A decline in the quantity and activity of Lactobacillus leads to an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. 28 Deleterious metabolites such as nitrous acid can be produced by these organisms, and the risk of HPV infection also increases.…”

“… 6 The bacteria in the vagina maintain a dynamic balance under physiological conditions, but the imbalance of vaginal flora leads to multiple gynecological diseases, such as coleitis, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and cervical cancer. 7 It has been confirmed that Gardnerella and Monilia are the main bacteria that induce coleitis. 8 , 9 Previous research has shown that the abundance of vaginal flora such as Mycoplasma genitalium , 10 aerobic lactobacilli, Staphylococcus epidermidis , Enterococci, Escherichia coli , and Bacteriodes species 11 in patients with cervical cancer is different from that in healthy controls.…”

Epidemiological investigation of the relationship between common lower genital tract infections and high-risk human papillomavirus infections among women in Beijing, China

“…Laboratory tests for genital tract infection including Trichomonas in vaginal secretions were confirmed by wet mount. Gram staining of vaginal secretions for vaginal cleanliness [16] and detection of hyphae and spores of Candida and clue cells [17] were performed. Gram staining of cervical secretions for detection of NG and leukocytes was also conducted.…”

Evaluation of the vaginal microbiome in clinical diagnosis and management of vaginal infectious diseases

“…Wet preparations of vaginal swab samples that are examined microscopically and stained by Gram staining are investigated using the VMES. [4] This tool is mainly composed of morphological and functional microecological indicators. [4] The former diagnostic modality includes bacterial density, flora diversity, dominant bacterial flora, indicators of inflammation [such as white blood cell (WBC) count], and pathogenic microorganisms.…”

“…A multicenter epidemiological study used the Vaginal Microecology Evaluation System (VMES) as a tool to analyze the vaginal microbiomes in most areas of China. [4] The aim of this article is to introduce knowledge on changes to the vaginal microecological environment and inform users of the VMES in diagnosing and managing the broad range of vaginal infections that can occur.…”