The dynamic effect of rural-to-urban migration on inequality in source villages: System GMM estimates from rural China

Consumption Structure of Migrant Worker Families in China

“…It is not surprising that they display a consumption pattern similar to that of urban low-income groups (Cheng et al, 2002;Zhang and Hao, 2010;Zheng and Henneberry, 2010). In their rural hometowns, however, they are among the richest groups, but rarely have the opportunity to show their wealth (Ravallion and Chen, 2007;Démurger and Wang, 2016;Ha et al, 2016). In addition, children in migrant worker families are prevented from entering schools in cities.…”

A Spatial Analysis of Inward FDI and Rural-Urban Wage Inequality: Evidence from China

“…Although the reform in 1984 liberalizes rural labor mobility, the essence of the Hukou system has not been changed. The rural migrants suffer severe discriminations in the urban job market: they are excluded from certain jobs (Chan and Buckingham, 2008), face employment barriers (Shi et al, 2011) and receive far less social welfare such as health insurance and pensions (Yang, 1999;Ha et al, 2016). The Hukou system has segmented the urban laborers into two different groups (Shi et al, 2011): without the urban Hukou, the rural migrants are less likely to be employed as skilled-workers even if they are skilled.…”

Rural Residential Land Management Systems Reform in China: Dilemmas and Solutions

“…A study shows that China would need 1.5 billion mu of incremental construction land to achieve the goal of 60% urbanization rate [5]. In fact, only about 30 million mu of potential construction land can be used to meet the needs of urbanization.…”