The Dynamic of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Central Iran

Fard-Mousavi, Nasimeh; Mosayebi, Ghasem; Amouzandeh-Nobaveh, Alireza; Japouni-Nejad, Alireza; Ghaznavi‐Rad, Ehsanollah

doi:10.5812/jjm.20760v2

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In this respect, 11.66% of the PVL positive isolates were positive for the ACME-arcA gene. These ndings were not consistent with a study done in central IRAN, with a prevalence rate of 17% and 20% for ACME-arcA and PVL genes, respectively [25]. Consistent with the previous researches [26], in this study, there is a signi cant relationship between the presence of ACME-arcA gene and the frequency of mecA positive strains (MRSA).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

The Prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in a Student Population from North-West of Iran

Dehnad¹,

Rad²,

Rahbarnia³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most prevalent cause of skin infections, especially in colonized individuals. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and Arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) are known as the most common virulence factors of S. aureus. This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes among S.aureus isolates in the student population. Nasal swab samples were randomly collected from 400 healthy students from Tabriz, Iran. The antibiotic resistance pattern of S.aureus isolates was examined by the disk diffusion method. The presence of ACME-arcA, PVL, and mecA genes was detected by PCR reaction.Results: overall, 15% (60/400) students were nasal carriage of S. aureus and 2.75 % (11/400) were MRSA carriage. The frequency of mecA, ACME-arcA, and PVL genes was 54.54% (36/60), 46.66% (28/60), and 16.66% (10/60) respectively. The prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes was independent of gender (P =0.142, P=0.337, respectively). A notable association was observed between the existence of ACME-arcA gene and the frequency of mecA gene (P <0.05), while the incidence of PVL was independent on mecA. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring nasal carriers in a healthy community to prevent subsequent infections.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

The Prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in a Student Population from North-West of Iran

Dehnad¹,

Rad²,

Rahbarnia³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…These results may be due to the strictly implemented hygiene measures (33) and the use of individual masks during clinical treatment. Since S. aureus colonisation may be transient (34), it would be important to follow up the workers in order to evaluate potential persistent and transient carriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic dust exposure in veterinary clinics: a case study of a small-animal practice in Portugal

Viegas

Monteiro

Ribeiro

et al. 2018

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Literature about occupational health in small-animal veterinary practices is scarce, but most of it has recognised a number of risks to be considered, including organic dust exposure. The aim of this pilot study was to assess organic dust, bacterial, and fungal contamination in the indoor environment of a typical Portuguese veterinary clinic but also to screen for azoleresistant fungi. To complement these findings we also analysed workers’ nasal exudates for resistant bacteriota. Particles measurements included mass concentrations (PMC) of five particle sizes (PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10) and their counts (PNC). Indoor air samples were obtained from six locations as well as before and during cat dental cleaning and cultured on four media for bacterial and fungal assessment. An outdoor sample was also collected for reference Surface samples were taken from the same indoor locations using swabs and we also use electrostatic dust cloths as passive methods. PM10 showed the highest concentrations across the locations. Indoor air fungal loads ranged from 88 to 504 CFU m−3. The azole-resistant Aspergillus section Nigri was identified in one sample. Indoor air bacterial loads ranged from 84 to 328 CFU m-3. Nasopharyngeal findings in the 14 veterinary clinic workers showed a remarkably low prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (7.1 %). Our results point to contamination with organic dusts above the WHO limits and to the need for better ventilation. Future studies should combine the same sampling protocol (active and passive methods) with molecular tools to obtain more accurate risk characterisation. In terms of prevention, animals should be caged in rooms separate from where procedures take place, and worker protection should be observed at all times.

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“…Although the frequency of MRSA is high during these eight years, no changes were observed in the MRSA population structure of burn patients in our hospital during this time. About 30% of the world's population (and 21% of the Iranian population) is found to carry S. aureus at any time; among healthcare workers, the carriage rate is much higher and usually occurs in conjunction with MRSA [ 12 , 13 ]. Many epidemiologic studies have focused on the high rate of MSRA connected to healthcare-associated (HA) infections around the globe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusIsolates, Isolated from a Burn Hospital in Southwest Iran in 2006 and 2014

Ghaznavi‐Rad

Ekrami

2018

International Journal of Microbiology

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Objectives Incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing every year, especially in burn patients with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Molecular and epidemiologic studies are useful practices for understanding the relatedness of isolates in a single patient or a hospital. This study aimed at determining molecular characterizations of isolates collected in 2006 and 2014 using S. aureus-specific staphylococcal protein A (Spa) typing and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) methods. Materials and Methods Totally, 71 MRSA isolates were collected during the last two studies (2006 and 2014) from burn patients at Taleghani Burn Centre. After confirmation, all isolates were analysed using MLST and Spa typing methods. Results We reported the emergence of Spa type t021, ST-30-IV MRSA isolates, which were PVL-positive in 14.6% of the cases and t12366, ST-8-IV isolates, which were PVL-negative in 9.8% of the cases. In 2014 study, Spa typing of MRSA isolates revealed five different spa types. Overall, in two studies, t037, ST-239, SCCmec III, and CC8 were predominant clones and they were reported in 63% of the cases. Conclusion The predominance of ST-239 in this region during the last eight years is a major concern. It also has a disturbing impact on the management of staphylococcal infections. Moreover, the SCCmec type IV strain is able to disseminate rapidly in hospital environments, demanding an improvement in infection-control policy.

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The Dynamic of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Central Iran

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

The Prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in a Student Population from North-West of Iran

The Prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in a Student Population from North-West of Iran

Organic dust exposure in veterinary clinics: a case study of a small-animal practice in Portugal

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusIsolates, Isolated from a Burn Hospital in Southwest Iran in 2006 and 2014

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