The Dynamics of "Corrective" Groups

Pv, Crosbie; Fa, Petroni; Bg, Stitt

doi:10.2307/2136766

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The activities of many of these groups are patterned after Alcoholics Anonymous, with readings, testimonials, and discussions. Reliance on a strict code of behavior and promoting conformity are often critical in the orientation of such groups toward individual behavior change (Crosbie, Petroni, & Stitt, 1972). It is not too surprising then that they rated above average on most Regulations.…”

Section: Self-help Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social climates in community groups: Toward a taxonomy

Politser

Pattison²

1980

Community Ment Health J

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While community groups have often helped people cope with stress, little empirical research has been available to guide their use in prevention or treatment. To partly fill this gap, an empirical taxonomy of community groups was derived from ratings of 41 randomly selected groups on 35 dimensions of Group Structure, Function, and Membership Characteristics. Cluster analysis defined five types. By comparison with other associations, Self-Interest (e.g., liberation and minority) groups rated lower in regulations and had members who were newer to the community. Self-Help groups were highly regulated settings providing support, integration, and developmental aids. Their members had few social relations apart from the family. Social Communion groups rated high on the provision of support for members often living without family. Civic Development groups rated highest on dimensions emphasizing personal development for persons with external sources of support and status. Finally, Recreation groups were casual and briefly attended groups. Their members were younger and less often married than those in other associations. Strategies for group referrals may be implied.

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Section: Self-help Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social climates in community groups: Toward a taxonomy

Politser

Pattison²

1980

Community Ment Health J

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An evaluation of current methods of modifying smoking behavior

1974

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PROBLEMWe have been studying relapse rates after treatment for smoking, alcoholism, and heroin addiction(33* 34, 35, 36* 3 7 ) . Starting with a group of people who have completed treatment successfully and are abstemious a t its termination, we find that many relapse quickly into their previous pattern of nonabstemious behavior, which results in a negatively accelerated curve over time that breaks fairly sharply a t the 3-to &month point and asymptotes well above zero with a residue roughly of about 25% long-time abstainers. The relative uniformity of such curves across the different addictions studied has theoretical implications, but remembering that such curves are composites obtained by averaging many different treatment methods in many different studies, it is apparent that they also offer a source of evaluative comparison to assess the success of any individual treatment. As we have suggested(33+ 35) such evaluation would enable us to concentrate our developmental efforts oil those treatments that show above-average promise, e.g., standard deviation above the norm, and to neglect the less successful ones.The present study offers such an evaluation of methods to modify smoking behavior.

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Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation

Lindson

Klemperer

Hong

et al. 2019

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

100

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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Main results We identified 51 trials with 22,509 participants. Most recruited adults from the community using media or local advertising. People enrolled in the studies typically smoked an average of 23 cigarettes a day. We judged 18 of the studies to be at high risk of bias, but restricting the analysis only to the five studies at low or to the 28 studies at unclear risk of bias did not significantly alter results. We identified very low-certainty evidence, limited by risk of bias, inconsistency and imprecision, comparing the effect of reduction-toquit interventions with no treatment on cessation rates (RR 1.74, 95% CI 0.90 to 3.38; I 2 = 45%; 6 studies, 1599 participants). However, when comparing reduction-to-quit interventions with abrupt quitting (standard care) we found evidence that neither approach resulted in superior quit rates (RR 1. 01, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.17; I 2 = 29%; 22 studies, 9219 participants). We judged this estimate to be of moderate certainty, due to imprecision. Subgroup analysis provided some evidence (P = 0.01, I 2 = 77%) that reduction-to-quit interventions may result in more favourable quit rates than abrupt quitting if varenicline is used as a reduction aid. Our analysis comparing reduction using pharmacotherapy with reduction alone found low-certainty evidence, limited by inconsistency and imprecision, that reduction aided by pharmacotherapy resulted in higher quit rates (RR 1. 68, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.58; I 2 = 78%; 11 studies, 8636 participants). However, a significant subgroup analysis (P < 0.001, I 2 = 80% for subgroup differences) suggests that this may only be true when fast-acting NRT or varenicline are used (both moderate-certainty evidence) and not when nicotine patch, combination NRT or bupropion are used as an aid (all low-or very low-quality evidence). More evidence is likely to change the interpretation of the latter effects. Although there was some evidence from within-study comparisons that behavioural support for reduction to quit resulted in higher quit rates than self-help resources alone, the relative efficacy of various other characteristics of reduction-to-quit interventions investigated through within-and between-study comparisons did not provide any evidence that they enhanced the success of reduction-to-quit interventions. Pre-quit AEs, SAEs and nicotine withdrawal symptoms were measured variably and infrequently across studies. There was some evidence that AEs occurred more frequently in studies that compared reduction using pharmacotherapy versus no pharmacotherapy; however, the AEs reported were mild and usual symptoms associated with NRT use. There was no clear evidence that the number of people reporting SAEs, or changes in withdrawal symptoms, differed between trial arms. Authors' conclusions There is moderate-certainty evidence that neither reduction-to-quit nor abrupt quitting interventions result in superior long-term quit rates when compared with one another. Evidence comparing the efficacy of reduction-to-quit interve...

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The Dynamics of "Corrective" Groups

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Social climates in community groups: Toward a taxonomy

Social climates in community groups: Toward a taxonomy

An evaluation of current methods of modifying smoking behavior

Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation

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