The dynamics of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and chlorophyll- a from intratidal to annual time scales in a coastal turbidity maximum

Hout, C.M. van der; Witbaard, Rob; Bergman, M.J.N.; Duineveld, G.C.A.; Rozemeijer, M.J.C.; Gerkema, Theo

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2017.04.011

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Field surveys have confirmed the presence of fines in the region; mud deposits and areas with high turbidity are frequently observed off the Dutch coast and along the southern bight of the North Sea (Fettweis & Van den Eynde, 2003;Van Alphen, 1990;van der Hout et al, 2015van der Hout et al, , 2017Visser et al, 1991). Detailed surveys of the size distribution of sands (Huisman et al, 2016) give a reasonable estimate of the fraction of fine sediment (<63μm) on the seabed and the spatial and temporal variability of transient mud deposits close to our measurement sites (Figure 1a).…”

Section: 1029/2018gl077936supporting

confidence: 79%

Wave Generation of Gravity‐Driven Sediment Flows on a Predominantly Sandy Seabed

Flores

Rijnsburger

Meirelles

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Wave‐supported gravity flows (WSGFs) generate rates of sediment flux far exceeding other cross‐shelf transport processes, contributing disproportionately to shelf morphology and net cross‐shelf fluxes of sediment in many regions worldwide. However, the conditions deemed necessary for the formation of WSGF limit them to a narrow set of shelf conditions; they have been observed exclusively in regions where the seabed consists of very fine‐grained sediment and typically co‐occur with nearby river flood events. Here we document the occurrence of a WSGF event on a predominantly sandy seabed and in the absence of a preceding river flood. Our measurements confirm that the dynamics are governed by the friction‐buoyancy balance observed in other WSGF and that WSGF can form in mixed grain‐size environments and transport high concentrations of sand. The occurrence of WSGF on a predominantly sandy seabed suggests that they may occur under a much wider range of conditions and, given the global prevalence of sandy shelves, they may be a more frequent and more ubiquitous feature of shelf dynamics than previously thought.

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Section: 1029/2018gl077936supporting

confidence: 79%

Wave Generation of Gravity‐Driven Sediment Flows on a Predominantly Sandy Seabed

Flores

Rijnsburger

Meirelles

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The fact that algae are involved in these observed gradients points to seasonal influences. Another study [52], however, does not confirm the leading role of the algae bloom on SPM dynamics. The reason for these different findings may be due to differences in, amongst others, hydrodynamics, wave climate, nutrient availability, and algae species at the different study sites.…”

Section: Spm Dynamics During the Algae Bloom And Normal Periods In Thmentioning

confidence: 84%

Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Biomineral Suspended Particulate Matter Properties in High-Turbid Nearshore and Low-Turbid Offshore Zones

Fettweis

Lee

2017

Water

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Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is abundant and essential in marine and coastal waters, and comprises a wide variety of biomineral particles, which are practically grouped into organic biomass and inorganic sediments. Such biomass and sediments interact with each other and build large biomineral aggregates via flocculation, therefore controlling the fate and transport of SPM in marine and coastal waters. Despite its importance, flocculation mediated by biomass-sediment interactions is not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this research was to explain biologically mediated flocculation and SPM dynamics in different locations and seasons in marine and coastal waters. Field measurement campaigns followed by physical and biochemical analyses had been carried out from 2004 to 2011 in the Belgian coastal area to investigate bio-mediated flocculation and SPM dynamics. Although SPM had the same mineralogical composition, it encountered different fates in the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) and in the offshore zone (OSZ), regarding bio-mediated flocculation. SPM in the TMZ built sediment-enriched, dense, and settleable biomineral aggregates, whereas SPM in the OSZ composed biomass-enriched, less dense, and less settleable marine snow. Biological proliferation, such as an algal bloom, was also found to facilitate SPM in building biomass-enriched marine snow, even in the TMZ. In short, bio-mediated flocculation and SPM dynamics varied spatially and seasonally, owing to biomass-sediment interactions and bio-mediated flocculation.

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“…In the Rhine ROFI, a persistent turbidity maximum zone has been observed between 1 and 3 km from the coast ( Fig. 2a), with peak sediment concentrations of 500-1000 mg l 21 located approximately 1.25-1.5 km from the coast (van der Hout et al 2015(van der Hout et al , 2017. Based on data collected during several measurement campaigns (e.g., van Alphen 1990;Joordens et al 2001;van der Hout et al 2015), this TMZ is thought to extend at least 80 km downstream of the mouth of the Rhine-Meuse estuary (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…gradients in estuaries and ROFIs is the generation of subtidal residual landward sediment fluxes near the bed, which often lead to sediment convergence and regions of very high turbidity (Jay and Musiak 1994;Geyer et al 2001;Burchard et al 2013;Souza and Lane 2013). In this work we use an idealized numerical model to investigate the role of stratified tidal process in the generation of coastal turbidity maxima such as those observed in the Rhine ROFI (van der Hout et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reader is referred to Flores et al (2017) for further details about the instrumentation and deployment. turbidity maximum zones in ROFIs (e.g., Souza and Lane 2013;van der Hout et al 2015;Brown et al 2015;van der Hout et al 2017). Yet the role of tidal straining in the generation of turbidity maximum zones in coastal regions has not been clearly established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence

Flores

Rijnsburger

Horner‐Devine

et al. 2020

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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This study investigates the influence of tidal straining in the generation of turbidity maximum zones (TMZ), which are observed to extend for tens of kilometers along some shallow, open coastal seas. Idealized numerical simulations are conducted to reproduce the cross-shore dynamics and tidal straining in regions of freshwater influence (ROFIs), where elliptical current patterns are generated by the interaction between stratification and a tidal Kelvin wave. Model results show that tidal straining leads to cross-shore sediment convergence and the formation of a nearshore TMZ that is detached from the coastline. The subtidal landward sediment fluxes are created by asymmetries in vertical mixing between the stratifying and destratifying phases of the tidal cycle. This process is similar to the tidal straining mechanism that is observed in estuaries, except that in this case the convergence zone and TMZ are parallel to the shoreline and perpendicular to both the direction of the freshwater flux and the major axis of the tidal flow. We introduce the term minor axis tidal straining (MITS) to describe the tidal straining in these systems and to differentiate it from the tidal straining that occurs when the major axis of the tidal ellipse is aligned with the density gradient. The occurrence of tidal straining and the coastal TMZ is predicted in terms of the Simpson (Si) and Stokes (Stk) numbers, and top–bottom tidal ellipticity difference (Δε). Based on our results, we find that SiStk2 > 3 and Δε > 0.5 provide a limiting condition for the required density gradients and latitudes for the occurrence of MITS and the generation of a TMZ.

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The dynamics of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and chlorophyll- a from intratidal to annual time scales in a coastal turbidity maximum

Abstract: The dynamics of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and chlorophyll-a from intratidal to annual time scales in a coastal turbidity maximum.

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Wave Generation of Gravity‐Driven Sediment Flows on a Predominantly Sandy Seabed

Wave Generation of Gravity‐Driven Sediment Flows on a Predominantly Sandy Seabed

Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Biomineral Suspended Particulate Matter Properties in High-Turbid Nearshore and Low-Turbid Offshore Zones

The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence

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