The Eagles Eye Mobile: Assessing Its Ability to Deliver Eye Care in a High-Risk Community

Alvi, Rizwan; Justason, Leah; Liotta, Carter; Martinez-Helfman, Sarah; Dennis, Korinne; Croker, Sean; Leiby, Benjamin E.; Levin, Alex V.

doi:10.3928/01913913-20150216-02

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Amongst the quantitative studies, increasing age was associated with lower spectacle wear in four studies [11][12][13][14] whereas in two studies, in India and the USA, younger children were less compliant. 15,16 A study in China of school children who reported already owning spectacles, also reported compliance to be lower in younger children [ .…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 97%

Compliance and Predictors of Spectacle Wear in Schoolchildren and Reasons for Non-Wear: A Review of the Literature

Morjaria

McCormick

Gilbert

2019

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment in children, affecting children in all settings. The majority of refractive errors can be corrected with spectacles. High compliance with spectacle wear is required for children to realize the benefit, such as higher academic achievement. This review collates evidence on compliance with spectacle wear, factors which predict spectacle wear and reasons for non-compliance among schoolchildren. Methods Literature searches were conducted on Medline, Embase, Global Health and the Cochrane Library. The date range was January 2000 to November 2017 and there were no language restrictions. The search retrieved a total of 1299 references, 522 duplicate records were removed leaving 777 references to assess. 25 studies were included in the review. Results Evidence suggests that greater severity of uncorrected refractive error and lower levels of uncorrected visual acuity are associated with higher levels of spectacle wear. Addressing socio-demographic reasons for non-compliance is complex as they are context specific. Evidence that children become less compliant with spectacle wear with increasing age is not consistent. Quantitative data indicate girls are more likely to be compliant with spectacles wear than boys, but qualitative studies highlight specific challenges faced by girls. Conclusion There was considerable variation between studies in how spectacle compliance was defined, the time interval between dispensing the spectacles and assessment, and how compliance was assessed. There is need to standardize all aspects of the assessment of compliance. Further qualitative and quantitative studies are required in a range of settings to assess the biomedical and socio-demographic factors which affect spectacle wear compliance using standard definitions.

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Section: Agementioning

confidence: 97%

Compliance and Predictors of Spectacle Wear in Schoolchildren and Reasons for Non-Wear: A Review of the Literature

Morjaria

McCormick

Gilbert

2019

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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“…For example, a study comparing a MHC in Baltimore with a comparable traditional clinic found that the percentage of clients who agreed to undergo human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening was higher at the MHC (54.4% in MHC vs. 7.1% in traditional clinic), and that the percentage of HIV tests that turned out positive was also higher at the MHC (5.4% in MHC vs. 2.0% in traditional clinic), indicating that MHCs facilitate more HIV screenings and are more efficient at reaching high-risk populations [ 58 ]. Because of their ability to connect with vulnerable individuals, MHCs can help identify additional cases of infectious and chronic diseases in a nontraditional setting [ 11 – 13 , 59 ].…”

Section: Improving Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence indicates that MHC patients report an increased sense of self-confidence and ability to manage their chronic conditions and navigate the healthcare system [ 4 , 14 , 16 , 60 ]. One MHC in Pittsburg revealed that the trusting relationships clients fostered on the mobile clinic motivated patients to adopt healthier behaviors [ 11 ]. Furthermore, the HABITS for Life mobile screening program noted that 78% of its screening participants engaged in healthier behavior changes as a result of having participated in the screening [ 64 ].…”

Section: Improving Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuity of care can be difficult to maintain in MHCs, because many of these clinics are not yet fully incorporated into the healthcare system and require extensive connections with hospitals, specialty clinics, ancillary services, laboratories and pharmacies to ensure that their clients receive the appropriate level of care [ 2 ]. Many MHCs have faced problems in tracking successful patient referrals [ 6 , 14 , 88 ], and others have found that a substantial proportion of their patients do not attend referral appointments or cannot be followed up with [ 11 , 53 , 55 ]. Some MHCs have attempted strategies such as routinely calling patients to coordinate follow-up, but increased fragmentation of care remains a problem to be resolved by the MHC model [ 53 ].…”

Section: Limitations Of Mobile Health Clinicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The scope and impact of mobile health clinics in the United States: a literature review

Hill

Ricks

et al. 2017

Int J Equity Health

200

190

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As the U.S. healthcare system transforms its care delivery model to increase healthcare accessibility and improve health outcomes, it is undergoing changes in the context of ever-increasing chronic disease burdens and healthcare costs. Many illnesses disproportionately affect certain populations, due to disparities in healthcare access and social determinants of health. These disparities represent a key area to target in order to better our nation’s overall health and decrease healthcare expenditures. It is thus imperative for policymakers and health professionals to develop innovative interventions that sustainably manage chronic diseases, promote preventative health, and improve outcomes among communities disenfranchised from traditional healthcare as well as among the general population.This article examines the available literature on Mobile Health Clinics (MHCs) and the role that they currently play in the U.S. healthcare system. Based on a search in the PubMed database and data from the online collaborative research network of mobile clinics MobileHealthMap.org, the authors evaluated 51 articles with evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of the mobile health sector in the United States. Current literature supports that MHCs are successful in reaching vulnerable populations, by delivering services directly at the curbside in communities of need and flexibly adapting their services based on the changing needs of the target community. As a link between clinical and community settings, MHCs address both medical and social determinants of health, tackling health issues on a community-wide level. Furthermore, evidence suggest that MHCs produce significant cost savings and represent a cost-effective care delivery model that improves health outcomes in underserved groups. Even though MHCs can fulfill many goals and mandates in alignment with our national priorities and have the potential to help combat some of the largest healthcare challenges of this era, there are limitations and challenges to this healthcare delivery model that must be addressed and overcome before they can be more broadly integrated into our healthcare system.

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“…The Eagles Eye Mobile (EEM) offered treatment (prescribed spectacles) on the mobile unit itself . The study measured compliance of spectacle wear at 1, 4, and 12‐months post initial consultation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and assessing strategies for evaluating the impact of mobile eye health units on health outcomes

Turner

Tan

et al. 2017

Australian J Rural Health

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This review identified and assessed strategies in existing literature used to evaluate the impact of mobile eye health units on health outcomes. Studies included in this review used patient outcomes (i.e. disease detection, vision impairment, treatment compliance) and/or service delivery outcomes (i.e. cost per attendance, hospital transport use, inappropriate referrals, time from diabetic retinopathy photography to treatment) to evaluate the impact of mobile eye health units. Limitations include difficulty proving causation of specific outcome measures and the overall shortage of impact evaluation studies. Variation in geographical location, service population and nature of eye care providers limits broad application.

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The Eagles Eye Mobile: Assessing Its Ability to Deliver Eye Care in a High-Risk Community

Abstract: Nurse training to reduce false-positive screening and strategies to improve attendance at arranged pediatric ophthalmologist consultations are recommended. The EEM effectively gets glasses to students where needed and use rates are satisfactory.

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Compliance and Predictors of Spectacle Wear in Schoolchildren and Reasons for Non-Wear: A Review of the Literature

Compliance and Predictors of Spectacle Wear in Schoolchildren and Reasons for Non-Wear: A Review of the Literature

The scope and impact of mobile health clinics in the United States: a literature review

Identifying and assessing strategies for evaluating the impact of mobile eye health units on health outcomes

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