The Ecology and Evolution of Alien Plants

Kleunen, Mark van; Bossdorf, Oliver; Dawson, Wayne

doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062654

Cited by 175 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…Our study thus provides limited support for the idea that higher phenotypic plasticity may drive the invasion success of alien species (Dawson, Fischer et al, ; Richards et al, ; Schlaepfer et al, ). It could be that plastic responses might be less important for becoming widely naturalized at the global scale than they are for other dimensions of invasiveness, such as local abundance and occurrence in many different habitats (Catford et al, ; van Kleunen, Bossdorf, & Dawson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen acquisition of Central European herbaceous plants that differ in their global naturalization success

Liu

Kleunen

2019

Functional Ecology

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It is frequently assumed that species capable of fast nitrogen (N) acquisition under different N‐availability conditions should have a higher establishment success after their introduction into new regions. However, few experimental studies have explicitly tested this. Our multispecies experiment tested whether global naturalization success of plant species native to Central Europe is related to a high N‐acquisition ability. We selected 41 common herbaceous species native to Germany that have all become naturalized, and thus been introduced, elsewhere. Twenty‐two of these species are widely naturalized and 19 are less widely naturalized. We grew the 41 grassland species, sampled in Germany, under low and high N‐conditions in a greenhouse experiment, and assessed their N‐acquisition abilities. Although the widely naturalized species grew faster on average, they had a significantly lower N‐uptake rate than the less widely naturalized ones. The widely naturalized species, however, had a marginally significantly higher root‐mass fraction. Despite these differences, the total plant N‐content did on average not differ between the two groups of species. However, N‐addition tended to increase the total plant N‐content more for the widely naturalized species than for the less widely naturalized species. Nitroge addition also increased biomass production and N‐uptake rate, and decreased the root‐mass fraction of plants, but these responses did not differ between widely and less widely naturalized species. We conclude that although fast‐growing species tend to have a higher global naturalization success than slow‐growing species, the naturalization success of plants is not necessarily related to a high N‐acquisition ability. A plain language summary is available for this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen acquisition of Central European herbaceous plants that differ in their global naturalization success

Liu

Kleunen

2019

Functional Ecology

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“…The antagonists and mutualists may individually and interactively influence fitness of invasive plants (Hill & Kotanen, ; Mitchell et al, ). Although the ecological consequences of antagonistic interactions between invasive plants and the resident biota are well documented (Hill & Kotanen, ; Levine, Adler, & Yelenik, ; Maron & Vilà, ; Vila et al, ), most of such studies focused only on single interaction types, when in reality, multiple interactions occur simultaneously (van Kleunen, Bossdorf, & Dawson, ). A full understanding of invasion dynamics requires studies that test the effects of multiple antagonists on fitness of invasive plants and co‐occurring native plants (van Kleunen et al, ; Oduor, ; Oduor, Kleunen, & Stift, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A native parasitic plant and soil microorganisms facilitate a native plant co‐occurrence with an invasive plant

Oduor

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Invasive plants often interact with antagonists that include native parasitic plants and pathogenic soil microbes, which may reduce fitness of the invaders. However, to date, most of the studies on the ecological consequences of antagonistic interactions between invasive plants and the resident biota focused only on pairwise interactions. A full understanding of invasion dynamics requires studies that test the effects of multiple antagonists on fitness of invasive plants and co‐occurring native plants. Here, we used an invasive plant Mikania micrantha , a co‐occurring native plant Coix lacryma‐jobi, and a native holoparasitic plant Cuscuta campestris to test whether parasitism on M. micrantha interacts with soil fungi and bacteria to reduce fitness of the invader and promote growth of the co‐occurring native plant. In a factorial setup, M. micrantha and C. lacryma‐jobi were grown together in pots in the presence versus absence of parasitism on M. micrantha by C. campestris and in the presence versus absence of full complements of soil bacteria and fungi. Fungicide and bactericide were used to suppress soil fungi and bacteria, respectively. Findings show that heavy parasitism by C. campestris caused the greatest reduction in M. micrantha biomass when soil fungi and bacteria were suppressed. In contrast, the co‐occurring native plant C. lacryma‐jobi experienced the greatest increase in biomass when grown with heavily parasitized M. micrantha and in the presence of a full complement of soil fungi and bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest that selective parasitism on susceptible invasive plants by native parasitic plants and soil microorganisms may diminish competitive ability of invasive plants and facilitate native plant coexistence with invasive plants.

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“…Therefore, when preadaptation (environmental filtering) and competitive exclusion both play a role, the highest establishment success may be at intermediate phylogenetic distances (Gallien & Carboni, ; Gallien, Carboni, & Tamara, ). To the best of our knowledge, such nonlinear relationships have not yet been tested (van Kleunen, Bossdorf, & Dawson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear effects of phylogenetic distance on early‐stage establishment of experimentally introduced plants in grassland communities

et al. 2018

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The phylogenetic distance of an introduced plant species to a resident native community may play a role in determining its establishment success. While Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis predicts a positive relationship, the preadaptation hypothesis predicts a negative relationship. Rigorous tests of this now so‐called Darwin’s naturalization conundrum require not only information on establishment successes but also of failures, which is frequently not available. Such essential information, however, can be provided by experimental introductions. Here, we analysed three datasets from two field experiments in Germany and Switzerland. In the Swiss experiment, alien and native grassland species were introduced as seeds only with and without disturbance (tilling). In the German experiment, alien and native grassland species were introduced both as seeds and as seedlings with and without disturbance (tilling) and with and without fungicide application. For the seedling‐introduction experiment, there was an additional herbivore‐exclusion treatment. Phylogenetic distance affected establishment in the three datasets differently, with success peaking at intermediate distances for the seed datasets, but decreasing with increasing distances in the seedling dataset. Disturbance favoured seedling survival, most likely by weakening the resident community. Synthesis. By analysing experimental introductions, we show that the relationship between phylogenetic distance and establishment, at least for seedling emergence, may actually be nonlinear with an optimum at intermediate distances. Therefore, Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis and the preadaptation hypothesis need not be in conflict. Rather, the mechanisms underlying them can operate simultaneously or alternately depending on the life stage and on the environmental conditions of the resident community.

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The Ecology and Evolution of Alien Plants

Cited by 175 publications

References 146 publications

Nitrogen acquisition of Central European herbaceous plants that differ in their global naturalization success

Nitrogen acquisition of Central European herbaceous plants that differ in their global naturalization success

A native parasitic plant and soil microorganisms facilitate a native plant co‐occurrence with an invasive plant

Nonlinear effects of phylogenetic distance on early‐stage establishment of experimentally introduced plants in grassland communities

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