The economically and valuable feature of selection number of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Chickpeas are a valuable legume and drought-resistant crop. In conditions of climate change, it ensures the formation of a sufficiently high yield, which increases the interest of agricultural producers in growing crops. However, the presence of genetically determined plant protection (pubescence of plants and pod, which contain oxalic, malic and citric acids) from some pests makes it possible to grow environmentally friendly products, which consequently reduces the need to use plant protection chemicals. Field experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Uman National University of Horticulture in the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. To determine the selection value of collection varieties samples of domestic selection were grown. It should be noted that plants react significantly to extreme conditions (temperature and amount of precipitation) of cultivation precisely in the period from gathering to flowering. It is during this period of time that excess moisture leads to shedding of flowers and, as a result, to a decrease in yield. The meteorological conditions for growing crops, which are expressed in the duration of both the growing season as a whole and its individual phases, have a significant effect on the length of the growing season. And so, according to our data, it was revealed that the difference in the duration of the growing season of the studied selection samples in comparison with the standard was small and ranged from 3 to 5 days. The main indicator of adaptability to mechanized harvesting is the attachment height of the lower pod. It depends on the height of the plant itself and the shape of the bush that the culture forms. On the basis of average, it was revealed that the studied selection samples belong to tall plants, while the indicator of the attachment height of the lower pod, the Triumph standard had a high attachment of pod, two samples – moderate, which indicates the possibility of mechanized harvesting, while samples 230 and 210 – low. As a result of comparison of the obtained data on the yield of selection samples, their significant reaction to the growing conditions was revealed. Analysis of the average data helps to specify that the highest yield in the conditions of both 2019 and 2020 was provided by selection samples 180 (morphotype desi), while the lowest yield, but also within the standard, was found in sample 160 (morphotype gulabi)