The effect of a mealybug infestation on the activity of amino acid decarboxylases in orchid leaves

Sempruch, C.; Golan, Katarzyna; Górska-Drabik, Edyta; Kmieć, Katarzyna; Kot, Izabela; Łagowska, Bożena

doi:10.1080/17429145.2014.954014

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The nutrient solution was prepared by dissolving 60 g of the fertilizer in 60 L reservoir with tap water, and each plant was hand-fed with 500 mL every week. After two weeks, all experimental plants were infested with female adult mealybugs (30 per plant) by transferring insects onto plants using a soft brush [ 51 ]. Plants in test and control treatments were inoculated for a second time by drenching with a suspension of 200 mL B. bassiana at 1 × 10 8 conidial mL −1 in 0.01% Tween 80 and 0.01% Tween, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Endophytic Beauveria bassiana Inoculation on Infestation Level of Planococcus ficus, Growth and Volatile Constituents of Potted Greenhouse Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Moloinyane¹,

Nchu²

2019

Toxins

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Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are being explored for the management of phytophagous insect pests. The effects of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) inoculation of grape plants on the infestation level of P. ficus, tissue nutrient contents, and growth and volatile constituents of potted grape plants were assessed. Grapevine plants were individually inoculated with a suspension of 1 × 108 conidia mL−1 of B. bassiana by drenching before experimentally infesting each of them with thirty adult females of P. ficus. At four weeks post-treatment, the fungus was re-isolated from leaves of 50% of the fungus-exposed plants. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in all the plant growth parameters measured in the fungus-treated and control plants. Plant tissue analysis revealed markedly higher contents of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaf tissue of plants exposed to the B. bassiana relative to the control. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that a significantly (X2 = 5.1; p < 0.02) higher number of known anti-insect volatile compounds (nine) were present among fungus treated plants compared to the control plants (five). Naphthalene, which is toxic to insects and humans, was detected only in the volatiles of the fungus-exposed plants. B. bassiana did not have any significant effect on total polyphenol, alkaloid, and flavonoids. Overall, treatment with fungus did not inhibit the infestation by P. ficus. In conclusion, these findings shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in endophytic fungus-plant-insect interactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Endophytic Beauveria bassiana Inoculation on Infestation Level of Planococcus ficus, Growth and Volatile Constituents of Potted Greenhouse Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Moloinyane¹,

Nchu²

2019

Toxins

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“…However, TAL activity was elevated only in strawberry, and the change was significant after 5 h, 1 day and 2 weeks of mite feeding. Our earlier studies (Sempruch et al 2014) proved that some amino acid decarboxylases are also involved in orchid responses towards mealybugs infestation. It may suggest that regulation of amino acid accumulation in insect-infested plant tissues has a complex character and different biochemical agents may participate in this response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…)- Blackmer and Byrne (1999), Sandström et al (2000), and Sempruch et al (2011). Moreover, Sempruch et al (2012Sempruch et al ( , 2014 reported that the activity of some enzymes involved in different steps of amino acid biosynthesis and their further metabolism was also altered by aphid feeding. Proteomic analysis of biochemical changes in Pisum sativum (L.) infested by the pea aphid showed that the resistant pea cv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of amino acids and phenolic compounds in biochemical plant responses to feeding of two different herbivorous arthropod pests

Golan

Sempruch

Górska-Drabik

et al. 2017

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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The study aimed at comparing the changes in the content of free amino acids, phenolic compounds and the activity of PAL and TAL caused by two piercingsucking arthropods: the grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh.) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in the leaves of orchid and strawberry, respectively. The obtained results show that the amino acid content and the ratio of amino acids to phenolic compounds increased in both plant species infested by the mealybug and the mite. However, such response was weakly dependent on changes in activity of the analysed enzymes. The pest feeding affected accumulation of the phenolic compounds, since the induction of the PAL activity in mealybug-infested orchid leaves during the first 5 h of the experiment preceded the increase in phenolic compounds during the first week of insect feeding. Instead, the increased activity of TAL was accompanied by elevated levels of phenolic compounds in the leaves of strawberry infested by mites. Mechanisms of biochemical plant responses induced by infestation of the studied herbivorous arthropods are discussed.

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“…The downregulation of arginine decarboxylase in transcriptomic data here depicts its role in disease susceptibility. Amino-acid decarboxylase gene exhibit suppression under sap-sucking insects and viral stresses [54, 55], therefore, we found this gene to be downregulated by whitefly and CLCuD stress response. Upregulation of CDF3 denotes its probable role in disease stress response as observed previously in pepper upon infection with different viruses [56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Transcriptomic analysis of cultivated cotton Gossypium hirsutum provides insights into host responses upon whitefly-mediated transmission of cotton leaf curl disease

et al. 2019

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Cotton is a commercial and economically important crop that generates billions of dollars in annual revenue worldwide. However, cotton yield is affected by a sap-sucking insect Bemisia tabaci (whitefly), and whitefly-borne cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). The causative agent of devastating CLCuD is led by the viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae), collectively called cotton leaf curl viruses. Unfortunately, the extensively cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) species are highly susceptible and vulnerable to CLCuD. Yet, the concomitant influence of whitefly and CLCuD on the susceptible G. hirsutum transcriptome has not been interpreted. In the present study we have employed an RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptomics approach to explore the differential gene expression in susceptible G. hirsutum variety upon infection with viruliferous whiteflies. Comparative RNA-Seq of control and CLCuD infected plants was done using Illumina HiSeq 2500. This study yielded 468 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among them, we identified 220 up and 248 downregulated DEGs involved in disease responses and pathogen defense. We selected ten genes for downstream RT-qPCR analyses on two cultivars, Karishma and MNH 786 that are susceptible to CLCuD. We observed a similar expression pattern of these genes in both susceptible cultivars that was also consistent with our transcriptome data further implying a wider application of our global transcription study on host susceptibility to CLCuD. We next performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis that revealed six modules. This analysis also identified highly co-expressed genes as well as 55 hub genes that co-express with ≥ 50 genes. Intriguingly, most of these hub genes are shown to be downregulated and enriched in cellular processes. Under-expression of such highly co-expressed genes suggests their roles in favoring the virus and enhancing plant susceptibility to CLCuD. We also discuss the potential mechanisms governing the establishment of disease susceptibility. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive differential gene expression analysis of G. hirsutum under whitefly-mediated CLCuD infection. This vital study will advance the understanding of simultaneous effect of whitefly and virus on their host and aid in identifying important G. hirsutum genes which intricate in its susceptibility to CLCuD.

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The effect of a mealybug infestation on the activity of amino acid decarboxylases in orchid leaves

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

The Effects of Endophytic Beauveria bassiana Inoculation on Infestation Level of Planococcus ficus, Growth and Volatile Constituents of Potted Greenhouse Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

The Effects of Endophytic Beauveria bassiana Inoculation on Infestation Level of Planococcus ficus, Growth and Volatile Constituents of Potted Greenhouse Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Accumulation of amino acids and phenolic compounds in biochemical plant responses to feeding of two different herbivorous arthropod pests

Transcriptomic analysis of cultivated cotton Gossypium hirsutum provides insights into host responses upon whitefly-mediated transmission of cotton leaf curl disease

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