“…These investigations confirmed the anti-craving effect of nicotine patches (Bolt et al, 2012;Ferguson et al, 2006;Shiffman et al, 2000Shiffman and Ferguson, 2008), nicotine gum (O'Connell et al, 2007), bupropion Piper et al, 2008), naltrexone (Miranda et al, 2013;Tidey et al, 2008), varenicline (Gass et al, 2012), but also individualized cognitive-behavioral treatment (IATP) compared to traditional cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) (Litt et al, 2009). Heroin craving was found to be higher in patients with higher doses of methadone (De Vos et al, 1996).…”