The effect of CAG repeat polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor on stress responses of mice exposed to water-immersion restraint stress

Tomita, Masafumi; Katsuyama, Hironobu; Okuyama, Toshiko; Watanabe, Yoko; Hidaka, Kazuo; Otsuki, Takemi; Nata, Masayuki

doi:10.3892/ijmm_00000360

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…WRS is often used as a stress treatment to induce stress response syndromes in animals (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)24). In the present study, WRS successfully reduced the BMD via a high bone turnover rate; WRS induced an increase in bone resorption and formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Effect of vitamin K2 on the development of stress-induced osteopenia in a growing senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 strain

Katsuyama

Fushimi

Yamane

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Vitamin K2 (VK2) has been used as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, since it has been suggested to be able to reduce the frequency of fractures by improving bone quality; however, bone turnover is strictly regulated by various cytokines and hormones. In the present study, the effect of menaquinone-4 (MK-4) on bone turnover was investigated using the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) strain. Since water-immersion restraint stress (WRS) causes a significant decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), WRS was used as the bone resorption model in the SAMP6 strain. Six-week-old SAMP6 male mice were divided into the following three groups: Control, WRS and WRS + MK-4. WRS was performed for 6 h per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Following WRS, MK-4 (30 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 3 times a week for 4 weeks. No growth retardation was observed in the WRS groups as compared with the control group. In the WRS groups, the BMD was significantly lower than that in the control group. The levels of bone formation and resorption markers were increased in the WRS groups, indicating that WRS reduced the BMD by promoting high bone turnover. A bone histomorphometrical examination showed that the trabecular (Tb) bone mass in the secondary spongiosa at the distal femur was significantly reduced in the WRS mice, and this reduction was abrogated by MK-4 treatment. Specifically, the Tb bone reduction was caused by the activation of osteoclasts (Ocs), and Oc activity was suppressed by MK-4. The number of osteoblasts and the mineral apposition rate were significantly increased in the WRS and WRS + MK-4 mice, suggesting that WRS triggered a significantly higher mineral apposition rate. These results indicate that MK-4 can induce recovery from the bone mineral loss caused by WRS treatment. Further studies are required to clarify the association between bone quality and MK-4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Effect of vitamin K2 on the development of stress-induced osteopenia in a growing senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 strain

Katsuyama

Fushimi

Yamane

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…The GR16q male mice were found to have more gastric lesions, a delayed corticosterone peak response, and slower recovery to the stress. Altered cytokines and hsp70 levels were also reported for the GR16q mice 72 …”

Section: Functional Consequences Of Genetic Variationmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Altered cytokines and hsp70 levels were also reported for the GR16q mice. 72 A number of neurobiological phenotypes have been studied in mice selectively bred by Touma and collaborators for extremes in stress reactivity. 14 In the original article, the three mouse lines (HR/IR/LR) selected for divergent plasma corticosterone response to restraint stress were found to differ in exploratory drive and depression-like behavior.…”

Section: Neurobiological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetics of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and function

Mormède

Foury

Barat

et al. 2011

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is a major neuroendocrine system involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes and in adaptation to stress. A wide range of variability can be observed in all the components of the system, and the contribution of genetic factors has been shown in the central regulation of the axis, the production of glucocorticoid hormones by the adrenal cortex, their bioavailability, and the efficiency of their action at the level of receptor and postreceptor mechanisms. Numerous molecular polymorphisms have been described that contribute to physiological variation as well as to HPA axis-related pathological conditions. Although most studies focus on single gene polymorphisms, future studies should aim to integrate the different sources of variation into a systems genetic model to take into account the strong interdependence of the different components of the axis.

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“…Male mice are typically used in chronic stress models as they become endocrinologically stable in adolescence [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The male C57BL/6J mice featured in this study responded to WRS with a decrease in thymus size and an increase in plasma corticosterone levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mice were then divided into two groups: WRS ( n = 8) and control ( n = 8) groups. The WRS method has been previously described in detail [ 9 , 11 , 13 , 14 ]. Briefly, mice were restrained in a 50-mL conical centrifuge tube with multiple punctures and vertically immersed in the xiphoid process in a 24 °C ± 1 °C water bath for 6 h per day, five times per week, for four weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Stress Induces Type 2b Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the Inhibition of mTORC1 Signaling in Mice

2023

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Chronic stress induces psychological and physiological changes that may have negative sequelae for health and well-being. In this study, the skeletal muscles of male C57BL/6 mice subjected to repetitive water-immersion restraint stress to model chronic stress were examined. In chronically stressed mice, serum corticosterone levels significantly increased, whereas thymus volume and bone mineral density decreased. Further, body weight, skeletal muscle mass, and grip strength were significantly decreased. Histochemical analysis of the soleus muscles revealed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of type 2b muscle fibers. Although type 2a fibers also tended to decrease, chronic stress had no impact on type 1 muscle fibers. Chronic stress increased the expression of REDD1, FoxO1, FoxO3, KLF15, Atrogin1, and FKBP5, but did not affect the expression of myostatin or myogenin. In contrast, chronic stress resulted in a decrease in p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 levels in the soleus muscle. Taken together, these results indicate that chronic stress promotes muscle atrophy by inhibiting mammalian targets of rapamycin complex 1 activity due to the upregulation of its inhibitor, REDD1.

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The effect of CAG repeat polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor on stress responses of mice exposed to water-immersion restraint stress

Abstract: Abstract. Exposure to stress activates the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is followed by an increase in production of its end product, corticosterone, considered to be the most important glucocorticoid (GC) in rodents.

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of vitamin K2 on the development of stress-induced osteopenia in a growing senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 strain

Effect of vitamin K2 on the development of stress-induced osteopenia in a growing senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 strain

Molecular genetics of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and function

Chronic Stress Induces Type 2b Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the Inhibition of mTORC1 Signaling in Mice

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