The Effect of CO2 Concentration on Children’s Well-Being during the Process of Learning

Abstract

There are more than 200 thousand pupils in Latvia. Most of them are still learning in non-renovated classrooms without proper mechanical ventilation. The classrooms are often ventilated only during the breaks by opening windows. This can lead to increased CO2 levels and reduced mental performance. To test how CO2 concentration in classrooms influences student attention level and their ability to perform mental tasks, the students had to complete a short test at the start and the end of the class. At the same time CO2 concentration, temperature and relative humidity were logged. In addition, an anonymous survey on how the pupils felt regarding the overall indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in the classroom, their thermal sensation, are they fatigued, any difficulty concentrating and if they have headaches during the lesson performed. The measurements were performed in a Secondary School in Daugavpils, Latvia. The analysis of results shows that existing 10 min breaks are not enough to fully ventilate the classroom, and they must be increased to at least 15 min. At the same time, 30 min breaks can be reduced to 20 min. The correlation between CO2 concentration and test results of pupils’ performance test results is noticeable but not definitive. It indicates that at increased CO2 levels the performance lowers—when the concentration of CO2 corresponds only to the Category 3 norm, the lowest results are achieved while the best results are when the CO2 concentration level corresponds to Category 1. To improve the study, observations of CO2 concentrations must be extended throughout the school year, as well as measurements in other classrooms in the school should be made.

The Study of Co2 Concentration in A Classroom During The Covid-19 Safety Measures

“…The tests were performed at a CO2 concentration of 600, 1000, and 2500 ppm. In a recent study [32] it was found that as the CO2 concentration in the classroom increases, the performance test results decrease. Also, some studies [33] indicate that the increase in CO2 concentration can lead to lower attendance levels.…”

Association between Building Characteristics and Indoor Environmental Quality through Post-Occupancy Evaluation

“…The building occupants' satisfaction is also affected by control over the indoor environment, layout, size, aesthetics, and type of HVAC, among others [6,7]. IEQ in higher educational buildings can greatly affect the learning process [8][9][10]. The evidence indicates that their associated facilities have a significant impact on occupants [11].…”

Analysis of Ventilation Efficiency as Simultaneous Control of Radon and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Indoor Air Applying Transient Modelling

“…As reported, the concentration of 222 Rn was increased from 17.5 to 49.6 Bq m −3 (11–33%) [ 36 ] and for 32 Bq m −3 (20%) [ 37 ] right after the building energy renovation. Similarly, the surveys of CO 2 in new and renovated residential [ 39 ] and non-residential buildings [ 33 , 38 ] showed an increase in CO 2 concentrations during occupancy to 2500 ppm [ 33 , 38 ] and 3000 ppm [ 39 ] (approximately 5–6 times, if the initial CO 2 concentration is about 500 ppm). The increased CO 2 concentrations were associated with lower ventilation rates, particularly in younger dwellings [ 40 ] that are naturally [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] or mechanically ventilated [ 43 , 44 ].…”

“…As a result, such engineering measures might be related to a deterioration in indoor environmental quality. IAQ in energy-efficient residential and non-residential buildings has already been analysed by many authors [ 26 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The problem of increased indoor radon concentrations in renovated residential buildings has also been highlighted in several studies [ 32 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”