This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract: This paper surveys the recent literature on the relationship between SMEs, financial deepening and economic development. While a large SME sector is not associated with faster economic growth or poverty alleviation, financial deepening can have a progrowth and pro-poor impact by disproportionally alleviating SMEs' financing constraints, enabling new entry of firms and entrepreneurs, and better resource allocation. It is important to differentiate between different segments of the SME population, most critically between subsistence micro entrepreneurs and transformational entrepreneurs. There is strong evidence that long-term institution building, including contractual and information frameworks, contribute to easing SMEs' financing constraints, with supportive evidence for specific policy interventions. There is no unambiguous evidence on the relationship between market structure and SMEs' access to finance. Foreign-owned and larger banks are as likely to cater to SMEs as smaller and local banks, but using different lending techniques and where the necessary institutional framework is in place in the country. There is also evidence that SMEs are more strongly affected by banking crises and that regulatory policies have important repercussions for SME lending.
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