The effect of crystallization time on structure, microstructure, and catalytic activity of zeolite-A synthesized from rice husk silica and food-grade aluminum foil

Simanjuntak, Wasinton; Pandiangan, Kamisah Delilawati; Sembiring, Zipora; Simanjuntak, Agustina; Hadi, Sutopo

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106050

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the context of raw materials used for preparation of synthetic zeolites, the use of aluminium foil is the main novelty of this research, since the use of this metallic aluminium for preparing synthetic zeolite is a relatively new practice. Successful application of this metallic aluminum in production of zeolite-A has been reported in our previous study [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Study on the Reaction Parameters on Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil Using MgO/zeolite-A Catalyst

Pandiangan

Simanjuntak²,

Hadi³

et al. 2023

Trends Sci

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In this research, transesterification of rubber seed oil (RSO) with methanol in the presence of MgO/zeolite-A composites with different MgO loads as catalysts was investigated. In addition, the effect of different reaction parameters including oil to methanol ratio, the amount of catalyst, and transesterification time were also investigated. Zeolite-A was prepared from rice husk silica (RHS) and food-grade aluminum foil and confirmed using XRD and SEM/EDS techniques. The MgO/zeolite-A composites with different MgO loads were prepared by impregnating the zeolite with Mg (NO3)2 solution of different concentrations. The composites were then characterized using XRF, XRD, and SEM, and finally applied as a catalyst in transesterification of RSO at varied experimental conditions. The XRF results indicated that the zeolite has been successfully impregnated, and the content of MgO varied depending on the concentration of magnesium nitrate solution used for impregnation process. Zeolite-A and also MgO/zeolite-A composites were confirmed by XRD investigations, supported by SEM analysis with indicated the shape of cubic particle, a characteristic feature of zeolite-A, and rod like structure which is most likely the MgO particle. The results of transesterification experiments revealed the appreciable activities of the composites and the effect of reaction parameters on the conversion of the RSO, with the highest conversion of 89 % achieved using 12.5 % catalyst relative to the mass of RSO, with MgO 4.43 %/zeolite-A catalyst, oil to methanol ratio of 1:10, and a transesterification time of 6.0 h. Analysis of the transesterification products using GC-MS confirmed that fatty acids composing the RSO were converted into corresponding methyl esters. HIGHLIGHTS Zeolite A was prepared from rice husk silica and food grade aluminum foil MgO/Zeolite A composites with different MgO load were prepared using impregnation method MgO/Zeolite A composites were used as catalyst for transesterification of rubber seed oil GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Study on the Reaction Parameters on Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil Using MgO/zeolite-A Catalyst

Pandiangan

Simanjuntak²,

Hadi³

et al. 2023

Trends Sci

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“…The synthetic zeolite forms (zeolite-P, zeolite-A, sodalite, zeolite-X, and zeolite-Y) were categorized as the most effective alkali-bearing aluminosilicate heterogeneous catalysts, either as single phases or modified phases, for their unique physicochemical properties [25][26][27]. Generally, synthetic zeolites are characterized by highly ordered nanoporous structures in addition to their excellent ion exchangeability, surface area, surface reactivity, thermal stability, dispersion properties, chemical and crystalline flexibility, and mechanical stability [23,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zeolite-A (LTA type) is the most studied synthetic zeolite for different traditional and advanced applications, including water remediation, drug delivery, gas separation, filtration, detergents, and water-softening applications [23,29]. However, the catalytic activities of zeolite-A during the transesterification reactions were not covered with satisfactory studies yet as compared to the introduced studies about synthetic zeolite-X, zeolite-Y, and sodalite [28,30]. Moreover, the synthetic zeolite-A can be synthesized from different raw materials (kaolinite, rice husk, fly ash, fumed silica) by different methods and under different synthesis conditions, which significantly affect the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the final product [26,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the catalytic activities of zeolite-A during the transesterification reactions were not covered with satisfactory studies yet as compared to the introduced studies about synthetic zeolite-X, zeolite-Y, and sodalite [28,30]. Moreover, the synthetic zeolite-A can be synthesized from different raw materials (kaolinite, rice husk, fly ash, fumed silica) by different methods and under different synthesis conditions, which significantly affect the physicochemical and catalytic properties of the final product [26,28]. Such synthesis conditions strongly affected the morphology, chemical composition, porous structure, and crystallinity degree of the synthetic zeolite [26,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Mechanistic Studies on the Effect of the Preparation Method on the Catalytic Activity of Synthetic Zeolite-A during the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

et al. 2022

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Egyptian kaolinite was applied in the synthesis of zeolite-A by conventional hydrothermal and alkali fusion methods, resulting in two forms of zeolite-A: the hydrated phase (H.ZA) and the dehydrated phase (DH.ZA). The DH.ZA phase exhibits an enhanced surface area (488 m2/g), total basicity (7.73 mmol OH/g), high sodium content (20.2%), and a narrow particle size distribution (5 to 25 µm) as compared to the H.ZA phase (423 m2/g surface area, 5.88 mmol OH/g total basicity, 13.3% sodium content, and 10 to 45 µm particle size distribution). DH.ZA exhibits enhanced catalytic activity, achieving a biodiesel yield of 96.8% after 60 min at 60 °C, while the application of H.ZA resulted in a 95.8% yield after 120 min at 80 °C. The controlled transesterification mechanism in the presence of H.ZA and DH.ZA involved robust base-catalyzed reactions. The reactions follow the pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the rate constants (Kc) were determined at three different temperature values (40, 50 and 60 °C). The activation energies using H.ZA (35.9 kJ.mol−1) and DH.ZA (32.714 kJ.mol−1) demonstrates their efficiencies in mild conditions. The thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy (33.23 kJ.mol−1 (H.ZA) and 30.03 kJ.mol−1 (DH.ZA)), Gibb’s free energy (65.164 kJ.mol−1 (H.ZA) and 65.268 kJ.mol−1 (DH.ZA)), and entropy (−195.59 J.K−1.mol−1 (H.ZA) and −195.91 J.K−1.mol−1 (DH.ZA)) demonstrate the spontaneous and endothermic behaviours of these reactions. The obtained biodiesel matches the physical properties of the international standards, and the recyclability properties of the two zeolite phases demonstrate their suitability for commercial-scale applications.

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“…There are groups reported that ash derived from various biomass such as rice husk, bamboo leaves, common water reeds, and corn stover could be converted into various types of zeolites (Al-Jubouri et al, 2021;Ng et al, 2017;Pangan et al, 2016Simanjuntak et al, 2021). Zeolite Na-A was obtained from corn stover ash .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Green Silica from Corn Leaf into Zeolites Na A-X

Kurniawan

Satria

Saputra

et al. 2022

Indonesian J. Sci. Technol

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Combustion of corn leaf as a model of biomass from agricultural waste is a simple way to obtain the energy. It produces a low-value by-product of ash and is rich in silica that can become a precursor for zeolite production. In this study, acid-treated corn leaves combustion was performed to produce high purity silica (SiO2). The diffraction pattern suggested that the extracted silica was amorphous without the impurities phase. Additionally, the nitrogen isotherm indicated that the material was highly mesoporous silica with a total surface area of 200 m2/g. The hydrothermal method was then applied with a composition molar ratio of 1.25SiO2:1Al2O3:5Na2O:250H2O to synthesize zeolites from the silica. The temperature and time effect on the hydrothermal zeolite’s synthesis was investigated. The diffraction pattern shows that high crystalline zeolite Na A-X was produced at temperatures of 100°C and 8 h hydrothermal time. According to nitrogen physisorption analysis, the zeolite Na A-X consisted of micropores with a total surface area of 270 m2/g. The morphology of zeolite Na A-X was cube for the Na-A and octahedral for the Na-X. The hydrothermal temperature and time highly affected the zeolite formed. This research suggested that the ash waste could be valorized through conversion into a high economic value zeolites.

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The effect of crystallization time on structure, microstructure, and catalytic activity of zeolite-A synthesized from rice husk silica and food-grade aluminum foil

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Study on the Reaction Parameters on Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil Using MgO/zeolite-A Catalyst

Study on the Reaction Parameters on Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil Using MgO/zeolite-A Catalyst

Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Mechanistic Studies on the Effect of the Preparation Method on the Catalytic Activity of Synthetic Zeolite-A during the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

Conversion of Green Silica from Corn Leaf into Zeolites Na A-X

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