The Effect of Different Storage Conditions on the Chemical Stability, Laxative Effect and Acute Toxicity of Sennoside Solutions

Lainonen, Heli; Marvola, Martti; Hietala, Pentti K.; Parviainen, Tuuli

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1988.tb00906.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Lainonen et al. () investigated the effect of different storage conditions on the chemical stability of sennoside A and B in water solutions, measured by the HPLC method. The variables in storage conditions were pH, time and temperature (room temperature or 100°C).…”

Section: Technical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the authors, this may due to the fact that industrial processes like alcoholic extraction denature enzymes needed for the degradation reactions. Lainonen et al (1988) investigated the effect of different storage conditions on the chemical stability of sennoside A and B in water solutions, measured by the HPLC method. The variables in storage conditions were pH, time and temperature (room temperature or 100°C).…”

Section: Stability Of the Botanical Or Botanical Preparation Used As ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety of hydroxyanthracene derivatives for use in food

Younes¹,

Aggett²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of hydroxyanthracene derivatives and to provide advice on a daily intake that does not give rise to concerns about harmful effects to health. Hydroxyanthracene derivatives are a class of chemical substances naturally occurring in different botanical species and used in food to improve bowel function. The ANS Panel reviewed the available scientific data on a possible relationship between hydroxyanthracene derivatives exposure and genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. On the basis of the data currently available, the Panel noted that emodin, aloe-emodin and the structurally related substance danthron have shown evidence of in vitro genotoxicity. Aloe extracts have also been shown to be genotoxic in vitro possibly due to the presence of hydroxyanthracene derivatives in the extract. Furthermore, aloe-emodin was shown to be genotoxic in vivo and the wholeleaf aloe extract and the structural analogue danthron were shown to be carcinogenic. Epidemiological data suggested an increased risk for colorectal cancer associated with the general use of laxatives, several of which contain hydroxyanthracene derivatives. Considering the possible presence of aloe-emodin and emodin in extracts, the Panel concluded that hydroxyanthracene derivatives should be considered as genotoxic and carcinogenic unless there are specific data to the contrary, such as for rhein, and that there is a safety concern for extracts containing hydroxyanthracene derivatives although uncertainty persists. The Panel was unable to provide advice on a daily intake of hydroxyanthracene derivatives that does not give rise to concerns about harmful effects to health.

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Section: Technical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stability Of the Botanical Or Botanical Preparation Used As ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of hydroxyanthracene derivatives for use in food

Younes¹,

Aggett²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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“…Further HPLC-UV assays for the quantitation of sennosides were reported by Metzger et Reif [ 3 ] and Bala et al [ 12 ], while LC-MS and NMR were successfully applied for the analysis of the chemical composition of S. alexandrina and other Senna species [ 1 , 6 , 13 ]. Especially for stability evaluation of senna drugs and products, chromatographic methods are more useful than photometric techniques because the transformation products show absorption at the same wavelength as sennosides [ 14 ]. This is even more important as sennosides are prone to both reductive and oxidative cleavage of the 10–10’ bond [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Total Sennosides and Sennosides A, B, and A1 in Senna Leaflets, Pods, and Tablets by Two-Dimensional qNMR

2022

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In the present work, a two-dimensional qNMR method for the determination of sennosides was established. Using band-selective HSQC and the cross correlations of the characteristic 10–10’ bonds, we quantified the total amount of the value-determining dianthranoids in five minutes, thus, rendering the method not only fast, but also specific and stability indicating. The validation of the method revealed excellent accuracy (recovery rates of 98.5 to 103%), precision (RSD values of 3.1%), and repeatability (2.2%) and demonstrated the potential of 2D qNMR in the quality control of medicinal plants. In a second method, the use of 2D qNMR for the single analysis of sennosides A, B, and A1 was evaluated with acceptable measurement times (31 min), accuracy (93.8%), and repeatability (5.4% and 5.6%) for the two major purgatives sennoside A and B. However, the precision for sennoside B and A1 was not satisfactory, mainly due to the low resolution of the HSQC signals of the two compounds.

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“…Using a HPLC method, Lainonen et al [4] showed that aqueous solutions of sennoside A/B at pH ranging from 5.5 to 8.0 were stable for several months at room temperature. Low er pH values, as expected in the stomach, pre cipitate the compound [5], rendering the mol ecule even less susceptible to degradation.…”

Section: Stability O F Sennoside A/b In the Uppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Anthranoids

Witte¹

1993

Pharmacology

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Anthranoid derivatives are used all over the world as a treatment for constipation. These compounds are present in several drugs of plant origin, especially as O- or C-glycosides. Besides featuring different substituents, the aglycone might consist of an anthraquinone, an anthrone or a dianthrone. So far, detailed information concerning their metabolism and pharmacokinetic characteristics is available only in a few cases. The best characterized compounds are sennoside, a dianthrone O-glycoside present in senna leaves and senna pods, and its aglycone (rhein anthrone). After oral administration, sennoside is degraded only in the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract, releasing its active metabolite rhein anthrone. Nowadays, this process is understood at the molecular level. A study with ¹⁴C-labelled rhein anthrone administered intracecally to rats, revealed that the compound is scarcely absorbed. Since on the contrary its anthraquinone equivalent is absorbed to a much larger extent, it is inferred that dianthrone- or anthrone-glycosides exhibit a lower systemic availability than anthraquinone O-glycosides.

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The Effect of Different Storage Conditions on the Chemical Stability, Laxative Effect and Acute Toxicity of Sennoside Solutions

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Safety of hydroxyanthracene derivatives for use in food

Safety of hydroxyanthracene derivatives for use in food

Determination of Total Sennosides and Sennosides A, B, and A1 in Senna Leaflets, Pods, and Tablets by Two-Dimensional qNMR

Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Anthranoids

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