The Effect of Discharge Pack Formula and Breast Pumps on Breastfeeding Duration and Choice of Infant Feeding Method

Bliss, Mary; Wilkie, Joy; Acredolo, Curt; Berman, Susan; Tebb, Kathleen

doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.1997.tb00347.x

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…More problematic aspects of study quality within this group of studies were the lack of description of those lost to follow-up (31% of studies reported this adequately 112,167,170,178,179 ) and an imbalance in demographic characteristics between groups (38% of studies reported this 106,107,112,172,174,178 ); in addition, only two studies conducted analysis based on ITT. 173,174 Only five studies (25%) used a valid and reliable outcome measure.…”

Section: Quality Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For both figures, answers of 'yes' represented the maximum possible level of quality. Therefore, in considering Figure 11, it can be seen that most studies recruited women at the same point in their pregnancies (88% 103,106,107,[167][168][169][170][171][172][174][175][176][177][178][179] ), had a follow-up period that was similar between groups (94% 103,106,107,112,167,168,[170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179] ) and long enough to detect important effects on outcomes of interest (100% 103,106,107,112,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177]…”

Section: Quality Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One additional study was included in the process review only as it did not provide the required breastfeeding outcome data for inclusion. 182 Seventeen studies 103,106,107,112,167,[169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181] provided incentives to childbearing women and one study 168 levied financial penalties against organisations for not meeting their own breastfeeding targets. The study providing incentives to organisations for breastfeeding 168 is considered separately later in this chapter.…”

Section: Included and Excluded Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After title and abstract screening, 5092 studies were considered not to be relevant and were excluded, leaving 316 studies for full-text assessment; in addition, 10 studies were identified from other sources. In total, therefore, the full texts of 326 studies were screened, of which 19 studies (20 reports 103,106,107,112,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182] ) were included in the review. Two of the studies included in the effectiveness and process reviews were conference abstracts.…”

Section: Number Of Studies Identifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…103,106,107,112,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176]178,179 The quality of two conference abstracts 180,181 was not assessed because of the limited data presented. The study by Wright and colleagues 182 was not quality assessed as no appropriate tool was identified to assess the quality of case studies and it provided few data.…”

Section: Quality Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of Incentives for Breastfeeding and Smoking cessation in pregnancy (BIBS): a mixed-methods study to inform trial design

Morgan

Hoddinott

Thomson

et al. 2015

Health Technology Assessment

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BackgroundSmoking in pregnancy and/or not breastfeeding have considerable negative health outcomes for mother and baby.AimTo understand incentive mechanisms of action for smoking cessation in pregnancy and breastfeeding, develop a taxonomy and identify promising, acceptable and feasible interventions to inform trial design.DesignEvidence syntheses, primary qualitative survey, and discrete choice experiment (DCE) research using multidisciplinary, mixed methods. Two mother-and-baby groups in disadvantaged areas collaborated throughout.SettingUK.ParticipantsThe qualitative study included 88 pregnant women/recent mothers/partners, 53 service providers, 24 experts/decision-makers and 63 conference attendees. The surveys included 1144 members of the general public and 497 health professionals. The DCE study included 320 women with a history of smoking.Methods(1) Evidence syntheses: incentive effectiveness (including meta-analysis and effect size estimates), delivery processes, barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation in pregnancy and/or breastfeeding, scoping review of incentives for lifestyle behaviours; (2) qualitative research: grounded theory to understand incentive mechanisms of action and a framework approach for trial design; (3) survey: multivariable ordered logit models; (4) DCE: conditional logit regression and the log-likelihood ratio test.ResultsOut of 1469 smoking cessation and 5408 breastfeeding multicomponent studies identified, 23 smoking cessation and 19 breastfeeding studies were included in the review. Vouchers contingent on biochemically proven smoking cessation in pregnancy were effective, with a relative risk of 2.58 (95% confidence interval 1.63 to 4.07) compared with non-contingent incentives for participation (four studies, 344 participants). Effects continued until 3 months post partum. Inconclusive effects were found for breastfeeding incentives compared with no/smaller incentives (13 studies) but provider commitment contracts for breastfeeding show promise. Intervention intensity is a possible confounder. The acceptability of seven promising incentives was mixed. Women (for vouchers) and those with a lower level of education (except for breastfeeding incentives) were more likely to disagree. Those aged ≤ 44 years and ethnic minority groups were more likely to agree. Agreement was greatest for a free breast pump and least for vouchers for breastfeeding. Universal incentives were preferred to those targeting low-income women. Initial daily text/telephone support, a quitting pal, vouchers for > £20.00 per month and values up to £80.00 increase the likelihood of smoking cessation. Doctors disagreed with provider incentives. A ‘ladder’ logic model emerged through data synthesis and had face validity with service users. It combined an incentive typology and behaviour change taxonomy. Autonomy and well-being matter. Personal difficulties, emotions, socialising and attitudes of others are challenges to climbing a metaphorical ‘ladder’ towards smoking cessation and breastfeeding. Incentive interventions provide opportunity ‘rungs’ to help, including regular skilled flexible support, a pal, setting goals, monitoring and outcome verification. Individually tailored and non-judgemental continuity of care can bolster women’s capabilities to succeed. Rigid, prescriptive interventions placing the onus on women to behave ‘healthily’ risk them feeling pressurised and failing. To avoid ‘losing face’, women may disengage.LimitationsIncluded studies were heterogeneous and of variable quality, limiting the assessment of incentive effectiveness. No cost-effectiveness data were reported. In surveys, selection bias and confounding are possible. The validity and utility of the ladder logic model requires evaluation with more diverse samples of the target population.ConclusionsIncentives provided with other tailored components show promise but reach is a concern. Formal evaluation is recommended. Collaborative service-user involvement is important.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012001980.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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