The effect of exercise on rhythm irregularities in the horse

Holmes, J. R.; Bj, Alps

doi:10.1136/vr.78.20.672

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In horses, both gradual prolongation and fluctuating PR interval before AV block reflecting Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) AV block and constant PR intervals before AV block reflecting Mobitz type 2 2AVB have been described 22,23,58,59 . Whether the blocks originate in the AV node/supra‐His (usually Mobitz type 1) or inside or below the His bundle region/infra‐His (Mobitz type 2) has not yet been investigated in horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Nissen

Weis

Krag‐Andersen

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Long-term exercise induces cardiac remodeling that potentially influences the electrical properties of the heart. Hypothesis/objectives: We assessed whether training alters cardiac conduction in Standardbred racehorses. Animals: Two hundred one trained and 52 untrained Standardbred horses. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Resting ECG recordings were analyzed to assess heart rate (HR) along with standard ECG parameters and for identification of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. An electrophysiological study was performed in 13 horses assessing the effect of training on sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal function by sinus node recovery time (SNRT) and His signal recordings. Age and sex adjustments were implemented in multiple and logistic regression models for comparison.Results: Resting HR in beats per minute (bpm) was lower in trained vs untrained horses (mean, 30.8 ± 2.6 bpm vs 32.9 ± 4.2 bpm; P = .001). Trained horses more often displayed second-degree atrioventricular block (2AVB; odds ratio, 2.59; P = .04). No difference in SNRT was found between groups (n = 13). Mean P-A, A-H, and H-V intervals were 71 ± 20, 209 ± 41, and 134 ± 41 ms, respectively (n = 7). We did not detect a training effect on AV-nodal conduction intervals. His signals were present in 1 horse during 2AVB with varying H-V interval preceding a blocked beat. Conclusions and Clinical Importance:We identified decreased HR and increased frequency of 2AVB in trained horses. In 5 of 7 horses, His signal recordings had variable H-V intervals within each individual horse, providing novel insight into AV conduction in horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Nissen

Weis

Krag‐Andersen

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…In the adult Thoroughbred horse at rest, atrioventricular block is the most common arrhythmia, followed by atrial premature contraction (Holmes 1968;Vibe-Petersen and Nielsen 1980). There have been reports about the effect of exercise in adult horses (Holmes and Alps 1966;Senta, Smetzer and Smith 1970) in which the increase in heart rate abolished arrhythmia due to sinus arrhythmia, partial atrioventricular block, and wandering pacemaker, whereas it tended to exaggerate the appearance of ectopic beats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atrial and ventricular premature contraction and atrial fibrillation in adult horses at rest (Glazier and Nicholson 1959;Too 1960 Glazier andDukes 1963;Holmes 1968;Vibe-Petersen and Nielsen 1980) and during exercise (Holmes and Alps 1966;Senta et a1 1970) are related to myocardial lesions. However, the high incidence in newborn foals, the close association with parturition, the transient nature of the arrhythmias and the subsequent normal growth and development of the foals are strong evidence that significant myocardial lesions are unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrhythmias in newborn Thoroughbred foals

Yamamoto

Yasuda

Too

1992

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Foetal electrocardiograms (ECG) were obtained from 39 of 50 Thoroughbred foaling mares close to delivery. The 50 newborn foals were studied electrocardiographically during their adaptive period, immediately after birth. In 48 foals there were paroxysmal arrhythmias or mixed arrhythmias. The most common arrhythmias were sinus arrhythmias including wandering pacemaker (32/50) and atrial premature contraction (30/50). The others observed were atrial fibrillation (15/50), ventricular premature contraction (10/50), partial atrioventricular block (7/50), ventricular tachycardia (4/50), atrial tachycardia (3/50) and idioventricular rhythm (1/50). The duration of the arrhythmias was approximately 5 min, and in all cases the arrhythmia disappeared within 15 min of birth. From foetal ECG recordings, no indication of the likelihood of neonatal arrhythmias was detected. With the exception of 2 cases, all foals have continued to grow and develop normally. These arrhythmias are considered normal physiological processes in newborn Thoroughbred foals during the adaptive period to extra‐uterine life. High vagal tone and hypoxaemia at birth are probably the main contributing factors.

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“…AV blok smo podijelili na djelomični AV blok I. stupnja, djelomični AV blok II stupnja, potpuni AV blok III stupnja. Učestalost ovih blokova se ovisno o autorima kreće od 6,4 % do 40 % (Broijmans, 1957., Holmes,1963., Buchan, 1965., Holmes i Alps, 1966., 1969., Beglinger i sur., 1980., Holmes, 1980., Vibe-Petersen i Nielsen, 1980. ), s većom učestalošću AV bloka II stupnja nego AV bloka prvog stupnja.…”

Section: Atrioventrikularni (Av) Blokunclassified

“…Bolest je dokazana u konja neovisno o pasmini, spolu i dobi, a u konja ju je prvi puta zabilježio Lewis 1911. godine. Različiti autori su ustvrdili različite učestalosti u određenih pasmina konja pa tako iznose veću učestalost fibrilacije atrija u teških pasmina konja te u starijih životinja (Holmes, 1969., Else i Holmes, 1971. ); s druge strane neki autori iznose najveću učestalost fibrilacije atrija engleskih punokrvnjaka i američkih kasača (Deem i Fregin, 1982.…”

Section: Fibrilacija Atrijaunclassified

EKG u hrvatskog posavca i lipicanca - frekvencija i ritam

et al. 2020

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Cilj istraživanja je bio ustvrditi standardne vrijednosti za frekvenciju srčnog rada i učestalost srčanog aritmija u hrvatskog posavca i lipicanca. U istraživanje su bila uključena 82 zdrava konja, različitog spola i dobi, 32 lipicanca i 50 posavaca. Svim je konjima u baznovršnom odvodu snimljen EKG u trajanju od 5 minuta. Iz snimljenog elektrokardiograma je određena srčana frekvencija, ritam i tip eventualne aritmije. Ustvrđena srednja vrijednost frekvencije (±SD) za sve konje uključene u istraživanje je 52,9 (±12,7) otkucaja u minuti, što je znatno više od bilo koje od objavljenih vrijednosti za konje do sada. Ustvrđena je učestalost aritmija od 2,4 %. Visoka frekvencija i niska učestalost srčanih artimija mogu biti pasminska karakteristika, ali mišljenja smo da su ove vrijednosti posljedica neprikladnosti primjene ambulantne elektrokardiografije u konja. Smatramo da je za istraživanje elektrokardiografskih karakteristika konja uvijek potrebno životinjama snimiti 24 satni Holter EKG u uobičajenim uvjetima držanja.

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The effect of exercise on rhythm irregularities in the horse

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Electrocardiographic characteristics of trained and untrained standardbred racehorses

Arrhythmias in newborn Thoroughbred foals

EKG u hrvatskog posavca i lipicanca - frekvencija i ritam

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